Purpose: To investigate the association between COVID-19 infection and the 1-year risk of acute urinary retention (AUR) and related urological complications in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTs). Materials and Methods: Using the TriNetX global network, patients with BPH and LUTs between January 2020 and January 2024 were identified. Participants were classified into a COVID-19 cohort (N = 32,948) and a non-COVID control cohort (N = 434,123). Propensity score matching (1:1) balanced demographics, comorbidities, medications, and laboratory parameters. The primary outcome was AUR within one year. Secondary outcomes included Foley catheterization, urinary tract infection (UTI), gross hematuria, bladder stones, and prostate-related surgery. Results: After matching, 32,918 patients remained in each cohort. The COVID-19 group showed a significantly higher 1-year incidence of AUR compared with controls (2.18% vs. 0.32%; aHR 6.89, 95% CI 5.62–8.45; p < 0.0001). Increased risks were also observed for Foley catheterization (aHR 4.10), UTI (aHR 3.52), and prostate-related surgery (aHR 6.02). Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated persistent divergence in AUR-free survival. Conclusion: COVID-19 infection is independently associated with a markedly increased risk of AUR and urological complications in patients with BPH, highlighting the need for closer post-infection monitoring.

Introduction: Bladder cancer is the second most common urological malignancy worldwide, with significant morbidity and mortality. This study investigates the association between chronic indwelling catheter (CIDC) use and bladder cancer risk, particularly in relation to comorbidities and complications.