The term "inflammatory bowel disease" (IBD) refers to a group of chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders, which include ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The necessity for alternative therapeutic approaches is underscored by the fact that although present medicines are successful, they frequently result in considerable adverse effects. Naturally occurring substances included in fruits and vegetables called polyphenols have been shown to have the capacity to control important inflammatory pathways including NF-κB and JAK/STAT, which are essential for the pathophysiology of IBD. The processes by which polyphenols, such as curcumin, EGCG, resveratrol, and quercetin, reduce inflammation are examined in this article. Polyphenols may have therapeutic advantages by blocking the synthesis of cytokines and the activation of immune cells by targeting these pathways. Preclinical study indicates a reduction in intestinal inflammation, which is encouraging. However, more clinical research is needed to determine the clinical relevance of polyphenols in the therapy of IBD, especially with regard to their long-term safety and bioavailability.

Background: This study investigates the analgesic properties of the aqueous extracts of Nigella sativa and Eucheuma cottonii in mice. The analgesic properties of both extracts were evaluated in an experimental model of acetic acid-induced writhing test. Materials and Methods: The mice were divided into four different groups and received the test extracts and the standard drug (aspirin) for 14 days via force-feeding. On day 15, the mice were injected with 5% acetic acid, and the number of abdominal constriction and elongation of hind limb (writhes) were counted for 20 min. Results: The numbers of writhes were counted starting after 5 min of the acetic acid injection. The N. sativa extracts significantly reduced the number of writhes as compared to the control group. Both of the extracts revealed a comparable result as referred to the aspirin effects in the mice. Conclusions: These findings indicate that N. sativa and E. cottonii may possess protective active constituent that is effective in reducing the sensation of pain in mice.

The Anti-inflammatory, Anti-pyretic and Wound Healing Activities of Cocos nucifera (MATAG Types) Fresh Juice and Kernel Extract in Experimental Animals

Arthritis is a common autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation at the synovial joint. Most treatments that are currently used have its own downside and give rise to natural plants as alternative remedy. This study investigates the effect of Nigella sativa and Eucheuma cottonii extracts in reducing inflammation and the severity in collagen-induced arthritis mice. The collagen-induced arthritis mice were fed with Nigella sativa and Eucheuma cottonii extracts for 21 days. The results were recorded from inflammation scoring and neutrophil infiltration in the knee joints. This study demonstrated that mice treated with Nigella sativa extract showed significant decrease (p<0.05) in inflammation scoring and the numbers of neutrophil infiltration as compared to other treated groups. Treatment with Eucheuma cottonii extract also demonstrated a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the inflammation scoring. The extract from Nigella sativa has evidently reduced the inflammation in collagen-induced arthritic mice and showed better results than Eucheuma cottonii treatment.