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The shared bicycle sector is a new type of rental business that combines the sharing economy with technology platforms. With its convenience, efficiency and low cost, the business has become popular in China. However, alongside the development of the shared bicycle industry, the increasing number of products, lack of governance, distrust between companies and users cause problems due to irresponsibility. This paper focuses on the governance of the shared bicycle sector, with the aim of achieving responsible innovation through a collaboration among stakeholders. Through case studies on two cities in China, the paper identifies government policies in the traditional context of hard-law regulation, and in the new context of multi-collaborative governance. The roles of government, industry and society are specified in the innovation ecosystem and are linked with the key dimensions of responsible innovation, anticipation, reflectiveness, inclusiveness and responsiveness. Based on the findings, a model is proposed, suggesting the new government roles of alliance facilitator and platform coordinator. Finally, our recommendations for the improvement of the shared bicycle sector are made and areas for future research are discussed.
Zheng Liu; Lei Ma; Tianyu Huang; Hengzhao Tang. Collaborative Governance for Responsible Innovation in the Context of Sharing Economy: Studies on the Shared Bicycle Sector in China. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 2020, 6, 35 .
AMA StyleZheng Liu, Lei Ma, Tianyu Huang, Hengzhao Tang. Collaborative Governance for Responsible Innovation in the Context of Sharing Economy: Studies on the Shared Bicycle Sector in China. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. 2020; 6 (2):35.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZheng Liu; Lei Ma; Tianyu Huang; Hengzhao Tang. 2020. "Collaborative Governance for Responsible Innovation in the Context of Sharing Economy: Studies on the Shared Bicycle Sector in China." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 6, no. 2: 35.
Urbanization can be categorized as “spontaneous” and “compulsory” according to its mode of occurrence. In the latter case, the local government acquires the agricultural land and then promotes the transformation of the land-lost peasants to urban residents by enforcing various policy combinations. Based on an empirical case analysis of compulsory urbanization in China, this study proposes that the material assistance and guarantee mechanism provided by the local government is of great significance in the process of rapid conversion of land-lost peasants to citizens. However, the local government needs to continue adopting various policy measures to support the land-lost peasants in order to further adapt to urban life and develop their identities as urban citizens. The local government should also maintain the balance between “compulsive” and “spontaneous” policy styles in the midst of urbanization, and transform the concept of urbanization from “economy-oriented” to “people-oriented”.
Zhiguo Xu; Zheng Liu; Hua Qin; Lei Ma. The Sustainable Development of Land-lost Peasants’ Citizenization: A Case Study of Dongbang Town, China. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5560 .
AMA StyleZhiguo Xu, Zheng Liu, Hua Qin, Lei Ma. The Sustainable Development of Land-lost Peasants’ Citizenization: A Case Study of Dongbang Town, China. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (20):5560.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhiguo Xu; Zheng Liu; Hua Qin; Lei Ma. 2019. "The Sustainable Development of Land-lost Peasants’ Citizenization: A Case Study of Dongbang Town, China." Sustainability 11, no. 20: 5560.
In the current era of Industrial 4.0, open innovation, and the sharing economy, innovation ecosystems are formed through government-industry-university (triple helix) interaction. The concept of responsible innovation has emerged to explore how innovation can be conducted in a transparent, trustworthy, and sustainable way so as to respond to the public interest. While current literature provides a conceptual framework, details of how responsible innovation can be formed, developed, and sustained in the sharing economy, in particular in developing countries, have been under-explored. This paper aims to explore factors of responsible innovation, linking dimensions with business practice, and identify the dynamic stages of the industry life cycle. Through an in-depth case study of China’s shared bicycle industry and the firm Hellobike, this paper has prioritized factors which lead to responsibility, such as user safety and friendliness in product design, real-time operations combined with big data, collaboration between industry and local government for industry standardization, and user credit systems. It has enriched key dimensions based on literature and case studies and proposed dynamic interaction models for industry, government, users, and universities at different stages of responsible innovation in the shared bicycle sector. From this empirical study, future research areas have been identified.
Zheng Liu; Lei Ma; Yue Zhu; Wenchao Ji. An Investigation on Responsible Innovation in the Emerging Shared Bicycle Industry: Case Study of a Chinese Firm. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 2019, 5, 42 .
AMA StyleZheng Liu, Lei Ma, Yue Zhu, Wenchao Ji. An Investigation on Responsible Innovation in the Emerging Shared Bicycle Industry: Case Study of a Chinese Firm. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. 2019; 5 (3):42.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZheng Liu; Lei Ma; Yue Zhu; Wenchao Ji. 2019. "An Investigation on Responsible Innovation in the Emerging Shared Bicycle Industry: Case Study of a Chinese Firm." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 5, no. 3: 42.
To obtain a sustainable competitive advantage in the dynamic environment, it is necessary for Chinese high-tech enterprises to focus on their technology habitual domains in formulating ambidextrous innovation strategy. This study integrates technology habitual domain, exploratory innovation and exploitative innovation within a framework and explores the influence mechanism among them. Based on an in-depth case study on KTE, representing a high-tech enterprise in China, we have several findings. Firstly, we depict the evolution mechanism of technology habitual domain; secondly, we find that the high-tech enterprise’s technology habitual domain will cultivate and develop the firms’ dynamic capabilities; and thirdly, the expansion of technology habitual domain will promote exploitative innovation, while the transformation of technology habitual domain will promote exploratory innovation. These findings can be useful guidance for high-tech enterprises in China who are aiming to achieve ambidextrous innovation to better adapt to the turbulent environment, and thus achieving sustainability.
Xinwei Ye; Lei Ma; Junwen Feng; Yang Cheng; Zheng Liu. Impact of Technology Habitual Domain on Ambidextrous Innovation: Case Study of a Chinese High-Tech Enterprise. Sustainability 2018, 10, 4602 .
AMA StyleXinwei Ye, Lei Ma, Junwen Feng, Yang Cheng, Zheng Liu. Impact of Technology Habitual Domain on Ambidextrous Innovation: Case Study of a Chinese High-Tech Enterprise. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (12):4602.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXinwei Ye; Lei Ma; Junwen Feng; Yang Cheng; Zheng Liu. 2018. "Impact of Technology Habitual Domain on Ambidextrous Innovation: Case Study of a Chinese High-Tech Enterprise." Sustainability 10, no. 12: 4602.
In the past 10 years, the animation industry has developed rapidly due to new technology and market expansion. Leading firms such as Disney are continuously seeking strategies to expand business towards products and service innovation, whereas Pixar and DreamWorks focus mainly on technology management. Driven by market and government policy, there is a blooming of the animation industry in China. However, most Chinese companies, in shortage of knowledge and experience, are unclear about innovation strategies. Thus, this paper aims to investigate the innovation system of China’s animation industry as a late comer. The literature is covered together with an industry review. To further explore the details, an in-depth case study into a Chinese company is conducted. This company has developed an open innovation system by interacting with industry, university and government; meanwhile, it is penetrating into the character business and service sector, seeking for sustainability. Findings indicate that a combination of internal knowledge management and open innovation is important; government plays a vital role at the early stage of forming the innovation system; innovation is a dynamic process with different configurations at each stage. Discussions are given to address the critical issues of the innovation system in the animation industry, followed by conclusions and recommendations for future research areas.
Lei Ma; Cen Qian; Zheng Liu; Yue Zhu. Exploring the Innovation System of the Animation Industry: Case Study of a Chinese Company. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3213 .
AMA StyleLei Ma, Cen Qian, Zheng Liu, Yue Zhu. Exploring the Innovation System of the Animation Industry: Case Study of a Chinese Company. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (9):3213.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLei Ma; Cen Qian; Zheng Liu; Yue Zhu. 2018. "Exploring the Innovation System of the Animation Industry: Case Study of a Chinese Company." Sustainability 10, no. 9: 3213.
Nowadays, the way of Internet travel in China presents diversified development. Rapid expansion in the personal mobile terminal and Internet infrastructure for the Internet travels to the ecosystem of development and evolution. This paper explores the influence of the expansion of the e-hailing ecological community on the urban taxi ecological community, and the problems of profit-seeking, rent-setting, and rent-seeking from the capital behind the e-hailing platform. With entrance into the urban travel ecosystem with ride-hailing platform enterprises and emerging business models, how does (venture) capital cause the change of the urban taxi ecology? Is it essentially the rent-setting and rent-seeking behavior of capital that obtains the market monopoly status of e-hailing? What are the difficulties for governments and the public in regulating rent-seeking in capital and emerging business models? The aim is to explore the new governing strategy of urban taxi ecology. The paper chooses the case of the DiDi e-hailing platform, and performs a study on the utility and indifference curves quantitatively, and constructs a rent-seeking liaison between platform’s entry into the market and the platform’s monopoly. In this paper, the ecological system of the taxi industry is first sorted out, and the community relationship between the traditional cruise taxi industry and the e-hailing industry, and their market supply and demand relationship are clarified. Secondly, from the main theoretical perspective of rent-seeking behavior, this paper analyzes the causes of the rent-setting rent-seeking behavior of e-hailing platform enterprises and the venture capital behind them, and the problems of public power supervision. As the red pack & subsidy market strategy changes the utility (indifference) curve of passengers, the consumption preference of passengers is more inclined to e-hailing. With the expansion of the e-hailing community, the e-hailing platform partly replaces the regulatory role of the government, and venture capital investors as rational-economic individuals, and its agency responsibilities and profit-seeking characteristics naturally form a contradictory pair. The introduction of competition is a means among market policies to break monopoly. Even so, commercial competitors are able to avoid laws or regulations by the means of commercial mergers or through the implementation of variable interest entities control. Governments should therefore seek to participate actively in the governance of such organizations.
Lei Ma; Tao Li; Jinxi Wu; Dandan Yan. The Impact of E-Hailing Competition on the Urban Taxi Ecosystem and Governance Strategy from a Rent-Seeking Perspective: The China E-Hailing Platform. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 2018, 4, 35 .
AMA StyleLei Ma, Tao Li, Jinxi Wu, Dandan Yan. The Impact of E-Hailing Competition on the Urban Taxi Ecosystem and Governance Strategy from a Rent-Seeking Perspective: The China E-Hailing Platform. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. 2018; 4 (3):35.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLei Ma; Tao Li; Jinxi Wu; Dandan Yan. 2018. "The Impact of E-Hailing Competition on the Urban Taxi Ecosystem and Governance Strategy from a Rent-Seeking Perspective: The China E-Hailing Platform." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 4, no. 3: 35.