The purpose of this study is to analyze in depth the relevance of Vygotsky's constructivism learning theory in differentiated learning in elementary schools. Differentiated learning is an effort to adapt the learning process in the classroom to meet the learning needs of each individual. This adjustment is made by considering the interests, learning profiles, and readiness of students to improve learning outcomes. With this adjustment, students can learn according to their respective abilities and find understanding from their own experiences. On the other hand, constructivist learning theory states that learning is a process in which students can build their knowledge. One of the constructivists learning theories was proposed by Vygotsky, known as social constructivism. Vygotsky's constructivism emphasizes the interaction of interpersonal (social), cultural-historical, and individual factors as the key to human development. The constructivist theory has relevance to differentiated learning in terms of meaningful learning and student activity. Differentiated learning applies constructivist theory in learning by considering the individual characteristics of students. In addition, the concept of the zone of proximal development (ZPD) and scaffolding are highly relevant in differentiated learning that accommodates the full potential of students and considers the individual abilities of students.

This study aimed to determine the adaptation of lecturers and students to using technology as a learning medium. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research. The instrument used is a questionnaire. The population in this study were all Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education (PGMI) students in Indonesia, and the sample was more than 40 Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education (PGMI) Study Programs at public university (PTN) and private university (PTS) in Indonesia involving 1294 students. The study results found that the effectiveness of the application of distance learning methods in the pandemic era was usually responded to by most students; some even responded less and very poorly. Mastery of lecturers in distance learning media is good; some dominant lecturers use google classroom, zoom, and WhatsApp. Keywords: digital literacy, media technology, online learning, pandemic, lecturers PGMI

The purpose of this study is to describe the process of developing learning tools to support a team-based digital learning environment (DLE) project in library management courses. The analyze, design, develop, implement, and evaluate (ADDIE) development model is used in this study to investigate this type of research and development (R&D). The study included 162 students from four universities in Indonesia. Data is gathered through media and material validation questionnaires, learning management system (LMS) user satisfaction questionnaires, and lesson learning outcomes tests. Instruments include media and material validation sheets, LMS user satisfaction instruments, and lesson learning outcomes test instrument sheets. The media validation test and material results show that all media can be used with minor adjustments. Students have responded positively to the DLE application for online learning at universities. Learning tools are critical for raising motivation and accomplishing course learning outcomes. In the future, the evolution of learning media may be accompanied by the evolution of learning designs. As a result, the learning process and learning outcomes can be optimized. This study makes recommendations for revamping learning materials, media, and design to increase student motivation to learn.

This study aims to produce Articulate Storyline-based learning media on cubes and blocks nets material for fifth-grade elementary school students. This is Research and Development study. This study uses the ADDIE development procedure (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The sample of this study was 26 fifth-grade students in an elementary school in Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. Expert judgment or validation is carried out by 2 media experts and 2 material experts to assess and revise the product. The method of data collection is a representation test, observation and questionnaires. The data analysis technique used content analysis and narrative analysis techniques. The result is a product of Articulate Storyline-based learning media on cubes and blocks nets material for fifth-grade elementary school students. The overall result of the trial shows good results, namely obtaining a decent category with details: (1) the material expert test got 3.8 or 76% good results, (2) the media expert test got 4.8 or 80% good results, (3) the results of the calculation of the n-gain score of 0.3877 which indicates an increase in students' mathematical representation abilities using articulate storyline-based learning media with moderate categories. So, it can be concluded that the Articulate Storyline-based learning media is good to be used as learning media on cubes and blocks in improving the mathematical representation abilities of fifth-grade elementary school students. Keywords: learning media, articulate storyline, mathematical representation, elementary school students.   Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan media pembelajaran berbasis articulate storyline materi jaring-jaring kubus dan balok pada siswa kelas V sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan. Tahapan penelitian ini menggunakan prosedur pengembangan ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Sampel penelitian ini adalah 26 siswa kelas V di salah satu sekolah dasar di Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. Uji ahli atau validasi dilakukan oleh 2 orang ahli media dan 2 orang ahli materi untuk menilai produk awal serta merevisi produk awal sesuai saran ahli. Metode pengumpulan data penelitian ini dengan tes representasi, observasi, dan angket. Teknik analsis data menggunakan teknik analisis konten dan analisis naratif. Hasil penelitian ini berupa produk media pembelajaran berbasis articulate storyline pada materi jaring-jaring kubus dan balok kelas V sekolah dasar. Keseluruhan hasil uji coba menunjukkan hasil yang baik yaitu memperoleh kategori layak dengan rincian: (1) uji ahli materi mendapatkan hasil 3,8 atau 76 % layak, (2) uji ahli media mendapatkan hasil 4,8 atau 80 % layak, (3) hasil perhitungan skor n-gain sebesar 0,3877 yang menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan kemampuan representasi matematis siswa dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran berbasis articulate storyline dengan kategori sedang. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran berbasis articulate storyline layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran materi jaring-jaring kubus dan balok dalam meningkatkan kemampuan representasi matematis siswa kelas V sekolah dasar.. Kata kunci: media pembelajaran, articulate storyline, representasi matematis, siswa sekolah dasar.

PENGARUH MODEL REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS SISWA