Natural‐based composite’s progress as carriers has revealed many benefits in biomedicine, notably in the construction field, synthetic biology, and genetic engineering. Compared to analogous composites without nanoparticles, incorporating nanoparticles into polymeric materials improved architectural performance, physiological connections, and ecological features. The major goal of the current investigation is to determine the impact of nano‐/micro‐TiO₂ on the mechanical characteristics of kenaf/glass/epoxy hybrids. The samples have been created using a hand layup method and a variety of filler loading and stacking sequences. The addition of nano‐/microfiller significantly improved the mechanical performance of the epoxy/hybrid composite material. It was discovered that nanofiller‐added composite materials fared better when composites were compared to and without microfilter‐added composites. SEM was used to investigate the microstructure of the interfaces to ensure a good understanding of interfacial adherence between the reinforcement and their matrix. Compared to pure epoxy resin, the 15 wt% of microfiller additions of glass‐kenaf‐kenaf‐glass type composites exhibit a 39.48% improvement in tensile and a 42.88% improvement in flexural. Similarly, 5 wt% nanofiller addition reveals a 44.214% improvement in tensile and a 50.50% improvement in flexural.

Natural fibers are widely used in the various lightweight and medium load applications due to their vital advantages. Cyperus pangorei is abundantly found on the river banks. The current study deals with the usage of Cyperus pangorei fibers that were retted using a manual retting process in the brake pad formulation. The fibers retted were treated with benzoyl chloride to enhance adhesion characteristics. The benzoyl chloride treated and untreated Cyperus pangorei fibers were used in the development of brake pads with other ingredients constant as per industrial practice. The developed brake pads were analyzed for its physical, chemical, thermal and mechanical properties as per industrial standards. The tribological performance of the brake pads was analyzed using a pin-on-disc tribometer as per ASTM G-99-05. It was proved that benzoyl chloride treated Cyperus pangorei fibers based brake pads showed excellent performance characteristics compared to untreated one due to better bonding with matrix causing good contact plateaus formations as confirmed from Scanning Electron Microscopy.

The typical food traceability systems data layer is made up of relational databases managed by core businesses, which cannot ensure data security. It is inefficient and requires a lot of upkeep. The food supply chain has numerous actors, making it difficult for consumers to safeguard their rights when purchasing food with quality issues. Due to the numerous organizations involved in the food supply chain, food safety monitoring and traceability have become challenging. The supply chains major organizations have control and administrative authority over the data under the current food traceability system, which is overly centralized for traceability information. The safety and dependability of food may be ensured by using the food traceability system to track food information. We can witness a series of detailed insights into food from the manufacturing source to the consumption terminal. A blockchain-based food tracking system is created as a solution to these issues. On the Ethereum platform, the system was created. It was also employed in the blockchain system, in addition to its features of decentralization, tamper-proof, and traceability. To implement the data update service and the food recall function, introduce the Food and Drug Administration node. Consumers have the option to not only enquire about food traceability throughout the manufacturing process but also to file complaints regarding the traceability systems rights protection.

Heat treatment of metal alloys is one of the most widely used techniques for achieving the desired mechanical properties by modifying the microstructure namely the grain and or by altering the second phases present in heat treat able alloys. At times heat treated materials undergo further process like forming, machining, welding etc. Thus the present work describes the effect of heat treatment of AISI 1050 steel and its associated micro structural changes that correlate it with the mechanical behaviour. AISI 1050 steel is widely used in the production of bearings, landing gear, actuators and aerospace structural components. In this study, different samples of AISI 1050 steel were heat treated to temperature above the austenitic region and were subjected to annealing or normalising, or spheroiding. It is indicative that the properties of the AISI 1050 steel can be easily altered by heat treatment to suit a particular application and for secondary processing. The property comparison includes micro structural grain size, yield strength, tensile strength, hardness and percentage elongation. Thus the results provide a better insight on the process of increasing the versatility of the AISI 1050 steel for its demanding use in aerospace structural applications and related mechanical processing. It was found that the effect of heat treatment has resulted in increased grain size, decreased strength and hardness, and improved properties which were more suitable for machining and forming process.

This study presents the optimization of machining parameters on ZE41 Mg alloy fabricated by gravity die casting and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Focus on the optimization of machining parameters using the technique to get minimum surface roughness, cutting force, thermal stress, residual stress, chip thickness and maximum MRR. A number of machining experiments were conducted based on the L27 orthogonal array on computer numerical control vertical machining center. The experiments were performed on ZE41 using cutting tool of an ISO 460. 1-1140-034A0-XM GC3 of 20, 25 and 30mm diameter with cutting point 140 degrees, for different cutting conditions. TOPSIS and ANOVA were used to work out the fore most important parameters cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut and tool diameter which affect the response. The expected values and measured values are fairly close. Finally, the study for optimizing machining process is surveyed and results show improvement in real experiments.