The Sentinel-1 constellation provides an effective new radar instrument with a short revisit time of six days for the monitoring of intensive mining surface deformations. Our goal is to investigate in detail and to bring new comprehension of the mine life cycle. The dynamics of mining, especially in the case of horizontally evolving longwall technology, exhibit rapid surface changes. We use the classical approach of differential radar interferometry (DInSAR) with short temporal baselines (six days), which results in deformation maps with a low decorrelation between the satellite images. For the same time intervals, we compare the radar results with prediction models based on the Knothe–Budryk theory for mining subsidence. The validation of the results with ground levelling measurements reveals a high level of resemblance of the DInSAR subsidence maps (−0.04 m bias with respect to the levelling). On the other hand, aside from the explicable exaggeration, the location of the subsidence trough needs improvement in the forecasted deformations (0.2 km shift in location, a deformation velocity four times higher than in DInSAR). In addition, a time lag between DInSAR (compatible with extraction) and prediction is revealed. The model improvement can be achieved by including the DInSAR results in the elaboration of the model parameters.

The paper presents knowledge acquired during the monitoring of a flue-gas stack, performed as part of technical and scientific surveillance of mining activity and its impact on industrial objects. The chimney is located in an area impacted by mining activity since the 1970s, from a coal mine which is no longer in existence. In the period of 2013-16, this area was subject to mining carried out by a mining entrepreneur who currently holds a license to excavate hard coal. Periodic measurements of the deflection of the 113-meter chimney are performed using conventional geodetic methods. The GIG used 3 methods to observe the stack: landbased 3D laser scanning, continuous deflection monitoring with a laser sensor, and drone-based visual inspections. The drone offered the possibility to closely inspect the upper sections of the flue-gas stack, which are difficult to see from the ground level.

Przedmiotem artykułu jest szczegółowa analiza lokalizacji śląskiego fragmentu autostrady A1 na sztucznie odwadnianym terenie pogórniczym „Bytom – Centrum I” i wpływu takiej lokalizacji na zmiany w środowisku wodnym powodowane przez górnictwo. Eksploatacja górnicza rud oraz węgla kamiennego doprowadziła do znaczących przekształceń hydrogeologicznych oraz hydrologicznych terenu górniczego. Trwające od ponad 200 lat odwadnianie złóż oraz powierzchni doprowadziło do powstania głębokiego leja depresji, co skutkuje osuszeniami wielu terenów górniczych i pogórniczych całego Górnego Śląska. Te wymuszone warunki wodne środowiska terenów górniczych często traktowane są jako naturalne. Tymczasem obowiązujące prawo nakazuje przedsiębiorcom górniczym lub ich następcom prawnym przywrócić w terenie górniczym pierwotne naturalne warunki wodne w procesie likwidacji kopalni. Wówczas mogą ulec zatopieniu powierzchnie terenów pogórniczych zagrożone zawodnieniami. W artykule oceniono wpływ lokalizacji obiektu drogowego na skalę oraz zasięgi obecnego oraz docelowego (po całkowitej likwidacji odwadniania) zawodnienia powierzchni. W końcowej części przeanalizowano i oceniono przepisy prawne, które stanowią podstawę projektowania obiektów budowlanych w terenach górniczych.

Despite of classic geodetic measurements, which are used in mine surveying at the beginning, more new technology are applied to measure deformation of structures and surface in mining areas. In the article new technologies are described for utilitarian aims based on strain sensors, laser, scanners and drones. The application of new technologies are especially useful when direct access to measured object is impossible using classic methods and in situation where continuous or quasi-continuous measurement is necessary. In Central Mining Institute the research has been conducted to understand the phenomenon of surface deformation induced by underground mining comparing predicted and measured values before and after extraction. In the last 20 years the mining technology has changed and dynamics of structure and surface deformation induced by mining. The second reason of technology development is necessity to instantly inform users of land and structures about changes using for instance the Internet.