Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a relatively common neurodevelopmental mental disorder affecting an estimated 7.2% of children and adolescents, and 2.5% of adults. It manifests primarily through inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Multimodal treatment approaches are recommended, addressing the psychological, behavioral, vocational, and educational needs of patients and their families. Conventional therapies include pharmacologic interventions (e.g., psychostimulants) and non-pharmacologic strategies (e.g., psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy). The ongoing search for novel treatment options focuses on improving cognitive function, psychological well-being, and ADHD symptomatology. Nutritional interventions with vitamins and minerals are emerging as potential complementary or adjunctive therapies. This review summarizes recent literature (past 5 years) on the relationship between magnesium and ADHD, encompassing observational studies, interventional trials, and meta-analyses. Evidence from recent publications suggests that children with ADHD have reduced magnesium levels and that magnesium supplementation improves symptoms. However, these studies do not definitively establish the exact cause-and-effect relationship between magnesium and ADHD. Current data are insufficient to recommend magnesium for routine ADHD treatment. High-quality, large-scale, and long-term studies are necessary to definitively understand the magnesium-ADHD link and to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of magnesium supplementation as an adjunct therapy. These studies should define optimal doses, forms, and duration of supplementation for safe and effective clinical use.

Introduction Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common condition that results from the compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel in the wrist. Both surgical and non-surgical treatments are used to manage CTS. While surgery is necessary in some cases, many patients can be treated effectively with conservative methods. This review compares the efficacy of surgical treatment for CTS against various conservative approaches. Aim The study aims to evaluate and compare the outcomes of surgical versus conservative treatments for CTS, focusing on symptom relief, patient outcomes, and long-term prognosis. State of Knowledge The carpal tunnel is a narrow passage in the wrist formed by carpal bones and the flexor retinaculum. Compression of the median nerve within this tunnel leads to CTS, which can be caused by anatomical variations or systemic conditions like diabetes. Symptoms include pain, numbness, and tingling in the hand, which may worsen at night or with repetitive movements. Summary (Conclusions) Surgical treatment, especially decompression, offers superior symptom relief and functional improvement but carries risks of complications. Conservative treatments like wrist immobilization and anti-inflammatory medications are effective for many patients, supporting their use as initial treatment. Further research is needed to optimize CTS management.

Burns are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children. While the majority of pediatric burns are not life-threatening, they can have a significant impact on a child's physical and psychological health. They pose a major social and financial burden, particularly in developing countries. The management of pediatric patients with thermal injuries requires a complex and multifaceted approach. Pediatric burns constitute approximately 40-50% of all reported cases of severe burns. The most common etiologies of pediatric burns include scalds, contact burns, flames, and chemicals. From 80% to 90% of burns occurred at home and were accidental. Despite advancements in treatment, severe burns can lead to life-threatening complications, such as sepsis, multisystem organ failure, and hypermetabolic response or even death. This article aims to provide a literature-based overview of pediatric burn trauma, outlining its unique characteristics, etiology, epidemiology, classification, and initial management.

Paronychia, felon and herpetic whitlow are common superficial hand infections. Although having similarities there are many differences between clinical presentation and treatment. Paronychia can present as acute and chronic condition. Treatment options varies from medical to surgical therapy. Formed abscesses may require drainage and possible antibiotic course. Herpetic whitlow is rare manifestation of hand infection with unique treatment options. Chronic infections differs in etiology and clinical presentation and need specialized treatment. Role of noninfectious causes should always be considered, including malignancy if no adequate treatment response is gained. Making correct diagnosis, followed by adequate treatment will prevent huge range of complications. Article reviews common hand infections, presentation, diagnosis and treatment strategies.

Finger flexor pulley injuries are the most common overuse injuries sustained by climbers. These injuries are caused by forceful gripping techniques specific to climbing, making them uncommon in non-climbing activities. With the growing popularity of climbing, there is a rising need for accurate diagnosis and improved treatment methods. This paper explores current diagnostic techniques, including physical examination, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging. It also discusses treatment options, which range from conservative rehabilitation to surgery, depending on the severity of the injury. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of injury prevention through proper warm-up and avoiding excessive strain.

This review summarizes the most prevalent dermatologic conditions encountered by runners and provides evidence-based recommendations for prevention and management. Due to high levels of ultraviolet radiation exposure, friction forces, specific environment of the activity and used garment runners are at the risk of various dermatologic complications, including skin neoplasms. Sun protection measures, such as applying sunscreen with sufficient SPF, wearing photoprotective clothing, and avoiding peak sun hours, are crucial for mitigating this risk. Friction-related injuries like blisters, calluses, and jogger's nipples are common among runners and can be prevented through proper footwear, moisture management, and lubrication. Educational interventions promoting safety practices are necessary to raise awareness and encourage behavioural change among runners.