This paper thoroughly explores the foundational principles governing population and target population concepts within research methodology. It delves into the essential roles these concepts play in shaping the design and influencing the interpretation of research studies. Through an exhaustive analysis, it meticulously outlines the nuances that differentiate these two concepts, elucidating their respective contributions and implications across diverse research paradigms. Moreover, this paper underscores the importance of establishing clear definitions and boundaries for both the population and the target population. It emphasises how such precision is indispensable in guiding the formulation of effective sampling strategies, which are pivotal for ensuring the accuracy and reliability of study outcomes. Furthermore, it sheds light on how the clarity in defining these concepts significantly impacts the generalizability of research findings, elucidating how findings derived from a well-defined target population can be more confidently extrapolated to broader populations. In addition to methodological considerations, this paper investigates the ethical dimensions inherent in delineating population and target population. It underscores the moral imperative of accurately representing the groups under study, particularly ensuring equitable access to research participation and safeguarding against potential biases.

In today's rapidly evolving digital landscape, organisations are challenged to strategically deploy digital resources to secure competitive advantage. Drawing upon the Resource-Based View (RBV) theory, this paper explores the intricate interplay between digital resources and organisational success. Through thematic analysis of empirical literature, the study delves into key facets such as data utilisation, digital platforms, technological capabilities, talent management, agility, and strategic partnerships. Methodologically, qualitative research techniques, notably thematic analysis, are employed to synthesise existing research findings. The study uncovered that human capital is pivotal in propelling digital transformation and fostering innovation. Organisational success in the digital era relies on implementing effective methods for managing digital talent, including recruiting, training, and keeping workers with digital competence. The study also highlights the strategic significance of digital resource utilisation within the RBV framework. Finally, the paper presents practical implications for organisational leaders seeking to harness digital resources effectively to achieve sustainable competitive advantage in the digital era. Findings underscore the strategic importance of digital resource utilisation in enhancing organisational competitiveness and driving long-term growth. The study contributes to understanding how organisations can optimally leverage digital resources within the RBV framework.

In today's digital age, organizations have harnessed unprecedented connectivity and technological advancements, leading to enhanced efficiency and productivity. However, this progress has also exposed businesses to a multitude of cyber threats, including data breaches, ransomware attacks, and social engineering exploits. This research explores the relationship between organizational culture and cybersecurity practices, emphasizing the importance of fostering a security-first culture within organizations. While technical measures are crucial, neglecting the role of organizational culture can hinder effective cybersecurity. The study is grounded in the theory of planned behaviour and the cultural dimensions theory, providing a solid theoretical foundation. Moreover, the investigation delves into the Denison organizational culture model, particularly focusing on the role of participation in nurturing a security-first culture. This becomes particularly relevant when assembling collaborative, inclusive, and communication-driven multi-disciplinary teams. Leadership emerges as a pivotal aspect in establishing a security-first culture. The onus lies with executive leadership at the highest echelons of the organization. However, it is concerning that in certain well-established companies, some senior executives continue to perceive cybersecurity as the sole responsibility of the IT department, overlooking its leadership significance.© 2023 The Author(s). Published by RITHA Publishing. This article is distributed under the terms of the license CC-BY 4.0., which permits any further distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Purpose: This study examines strategies to enhance training and development in healthcare management, particularly in response to challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. It aims to identify and assess training needs, emphasizing customized approaches to address emerging demands. Research Design and Methodology: This study employed a qualitative approach incorporating a literature review and case studies. The study focused on the pandemic’s impact on healthcare management strategies and evaluated key training requirements. Findings and Discussion: The research identified critical training needs, including health record management, supply chain processes, patient-centered care, customer service, financial management, corporate governance, and fostering a learning organization. Implications: The findings highlight the importance of tailored training programs to improve operational efficiency, patient care, financial stability, and continuous learning. This study offers valuable insights for healthcare organizations to adapt and thrive in a post-COVID-19 landscape.

Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) theory posits that the relationship quality between leaders and their subordinates significantly influences various aspects of the workplace, including employee satisfaction, retention, and overall performance. The primary purpose of this research is to analyse the effects of high-quality LMX relationships on job satisfaction, career development, and employee retention. Recognising the vital role of effective leadership in enhancing employee engagement and organisational performance motivates this study. As workplaces become increasingly complex, understanding LMX dynamics is crucial for developing strategies to improve satisfaction and retention. The study aims to fill gaps in existing literature to inform future research and practical applications. Employing a qualitative approach, this study conducts a comprehensive literature review of existing research on LMX theory. It synthesises theoretical models, empirical studies, and case analyses to robustly understand LMX relationships and their implications in diverse organisational contexts. The literature reveals that high-quality LMX relationships characterised by mutual trust, support, and respect significantly impact employee satisfaction and retention. Employees with solid leader relationships report higher job satisfaction and commitment, leading to improved performance and lower turnover rates. The findings underscore the need for leaders to enhance trust and support within their teams through recognition and career development opportunities. Organisations prioritising these elements will likely experience increased employee satisfaction and performance, fostering a positive workplace culture.

Background: The scarcity of oncology specialists poses a significant challenge globally, particularly in regions with limited healthcare resources. This leads to delayed diagnoses and disparities in care. The shortage of oncology services disproportionately affects vulnerable populations, leading to delays in diagnosis, treatment, and poorer outcomes. Aim: This study investigates the implications of oncology resource scarcity, focusing on South Africa’s Eastern Cape province, aiming to analyse challenges, interventions, and lessons from other countries. Method: This review study employed a mixed-method research design encompassing an empirical literature review and case study approach. It drew on existing research and data to analyse the impact of oncology resource scarcity on patient care. Results: Cancer-related mortality in the province remains considerable, with lung cancer emerging as a leading cause, underscoring the need for comprehensive cancer control strategies. Infrastructure disparities between urban and rural areas compound the challenges, with limited access to oncology facilities and specialists in remote regions. Conclusion: Urgent action is needed to address oncology resource scarcity to improve cancer care outcomes, particularly in underserved regions. Targeted interventions and lessons from other countries can enhance access to quality oncology services and reduce disparities in care. Contribution: This study’s findings have significant implications for South African health policy, particularly regarding the urgent scarcity of oncology resources. The critical shortage of oncology specialists in underserved areas like the Eastern Cape underscores the necessity for a comprehensive strategy to enhance cancer care.