Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected millions of people worlwide and caused a pandemic that is still ongoing. The virus can cause a disease named as COVID-19 which is composed of multi systemic manifestations with a pulmonary system predominance. As the time passes we are dealing more and more with the effects and complications of the disease in survivors which has shown a wide variety as far as concerns the clinical outcome and the timeline of symptoms in different patients. Since the lungs are the most involved organs and the post-COVID prolonged and persistent effects are mainly related to the pulmonary system it is crucial to define and predict the outcome and to determine the individuals that can progress to fibrosis and loss of function of lungs. This review summarizes the current literature regarding the pulmonary complications in post-COVID syndrome and the management of these conditions.

COVID-19 pneumonia has high mortality rates. The symptoms are undiagnostic, the results of viral nucleic acid detection method (PCR) can delay, so that chest computerized tomography is often key diagnostic test in patients with possible COVID-19 pneumonia. In this review, we discussed the main radiological findings of this infection.

Objectives: Central airway obstruction (CAO) develops in 20-30% of lung malignancies during the disease. The symptoms related to obstruction often result in poor quality of life and poor prognosis. Interventional bronchoscopic treatments are now recommended in guidelines to improve quality of life and symptom palliation in this patient group. In our study, we aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of our methods in the malignant CAO caused by endobronchial exophytic tumors.Methods: Between May 2012 and August 2018, 432 endobronchial debulking procedures were performed in 388 patients with symptomatic malignant CAO due to endobronchial exophytic or mixed lesions.Results: Primary lung tumors were the most common cause of airway stenosis (84.0%). The most common debulking technique was argon plasma coagulation assisted mechanical debridement (APC+MD) (79.9%). Airway patency was achieved with additional stents (10.2%) in the operations. The success rate of airway patency was 85.5% in APC+MD method, 75.6% in cryorecanalisation method, 91.7% in electrocautery assisted MD method, 100% in MD method and overall success rate was 85.4%. Stent use rate was significantly higher in the stenosis around main carina (42.9%) than in other localizations (p < 0.001). The overall serious complication rate was 2.1%. Procedure-related dead rate was 0.2%. Conclusions: Endobronchial treatment of malignant CAO with interventional bronchoscopic procedures is effective and safe. The first 6 years of experience in our interventional pulmonary clinic show that it has similar characteristics with the world experience in the endobronchial treatment of malignant CAO.

Background/aAim: Locoregional recurrence in lung cancer still remains an important problem. We aimed to indicate the effectiveness of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) for reevaluation in previously treated nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and methods: NSCLC patients who underwent EBUS for rebiopsy of suspicious recurrent or progressive lesions between January 2010 and June 2017 were reviewed. Patients were categorized into two groups based on the previous treatment modalities: Group 1 (G1) consisted of patients who had been treated with chemoradiotherapy, and Group 2 (G2) consisted of patients who had undergone radical surgery. Results: Of 115 patients, 100 patients enrolled in the study. Of 26 patients with 35 lymph nodes in G1, malignant cells were identified in thirteen patients (50%). Anthracosis was detected in the remaining. Malignancy was detected in 28 patients (37.8%) in G2. Thirty-three patients were diagnosed as benign (24 anthracosis; 8 lymphocytes, and 1 granulomatous); 8 were not sampled, and inadequate material was obtained in five. The sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive value, and overall diagnostic accuracy of EBUS-TBNA for rebiopsy in G1 were 84.8%, 100%, 89.1%, 100%, and 93.2%, respectively. These values were all perfect in G2. Conclusion: EBUS-TBNA could be preferred as a feasible and efficient procedure for rebiopsy in previously treated NSCLC patients.