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Tek Maraseni
University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia

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Journal article
Published: 16 July 2021 in Sustainability
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Technologies-based production practices are critical for agricultural growth and sustainable development in low-income countries like Nepal. In the last few years, tunnel house has been increasingly promoted as tools to enhance smallholder farmers’ livelihood and tackle climate adversaries. However, little is known about what factor determines its adoption and whether it helps smallholders adapt to climate change and experience better livelihood. We address these gaps using the cross-sectional survey data collected from 62 adopters and 92 non-adopters in three municipalities of Bagmati Province. We employed descriptive analysis and probit model and found out that age, farm size, and ethnicity strongly influence the technology adoption amongst smallholder farmers. Additionally, treatment model and ordinary least square (OLS) regression were utilized to examine tunnel technology’s effect. Our study shows that tunnel significantly increases production by 32 tons/year/hectare and protects crops from climate change effects such as heavy rainfall and temperature change. Likewise, tunnel technology increases the net crop income by $1700/year/hectare. However, the economic benefit is not substantial compared to technology’s adoption cost as adopters incur enormous costs of $12,000/year/hectare on equipment, labor and resources. These results suggest policymakers should concentrate on reducing the technology’s cost, which could be achieved through subsidies, financial support, or price control mechanisms. Ensuring technology’s affordability can contribute to smallholder farmers’ sustainable livelihood in Nepal and countries with similar contexts.

ACS Style

Diwakar Kc; Dinesh Jamarkattel; Tek Maraseni; Dilip Nandwani; Pratibha Karki. The Effects of Tunnel Technology on Crop Productivity and Livelihood of Smallholder Farmers in Nepal. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7935 .

AMA Style

Diwakar Kc, Dinesh Jamarkattel, Tek Maraseni, Dilip Nandwani, Pratibha Karki. The Effects of Tunnel Technology on Crop Productivity and Livelihood of Smallholder Farmers in Nepal. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):7935.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Diwakar Kc; Dinesh Jamarkattel; Tek Maraseni; Dilip Nandwani; Pratibha Karki. 2021. "The Effects of Tunnel Technology on Crop Productivity and Livelihood of Smallholder Farmers in Nepal." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 7935.

Discussion
Published: 13 July 2021 in Forest Policy and Economics
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Almost all countries have imposed large-scale mobility restrictions (or lockdown) to stop the spreading of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). The mobility restriction has disrupted all types of business; causing a devastating impact on countries' economies; and pushing millions of people into extreme poverty. Scientists have been assessing the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on various fronts but there is limited scholarship in the forestry sector. We navigated the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the forestry sector by taking Gandaki Province (21,974 km2) of Nepal as a case. Employing semi-structured interviews (n = 62) with all ten stakeholder groups, literature review and media analysis, our study revealed that the COVID-19 lockdown suspended all types of forestry and ecotourism businesses; obstructed research and monitoring activities; halted capacity development and extension services; impacted forest development work; and increased incidences of illegal logging and poaching and trafficking of wildlife. Because of the complete shutdown of businesses, the forestry sector of Gandaki province lost 9.6 million USD and 3.2 million man-days of employment during the lockdown period. The economic cost of the lockdown was 1.73 million USD for NTFPs traders, 1.26 million USD for ecotourism entrepreneurs, 0.55 million USD for the community forest user groups and 0.24 million USD for the smallholder or private forest owner. We suggested four post-COVID recovery pathways, including sustainable forest management, nature-based tourism, improvement of forest products value chain and community-based natural resource management to bounce back from the loss. As the current pandemic is most likely to derail the Sustainable Development Pathways of several countries, including Nepal and necessitates the need for an immediate response, the finding and recommendation of our study may inform decision-makers to reimage post-pandemic recovery and leverage sustainable development.

ACS Style

Hari Krishna Laudari; Shiva Pariyar; Tek Maraseni. COVID-19 lockdown and the forestry sector: Insight from Gandaki province of Nepal. Forest Policy and Economics 2021, 131, 102556 .

AMA Style

Hari Krishna Laudari, Shiva Pariyar, Tek Maraseni. COVID-19 lockdown and the forestry sector: Insight from Gandaki province of Nepal. Forest Policy and Economics. 2021; 131 ():102556.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hari Krishna Laudari; Shiva Pariyar; Tek Maraseni. 2021. "COVID-19 lockdown and the forestry sector: Insight from Gandaki province of Nepal." Forest Policy and Economics 131, no. : 102556.

Research paper
Published: 19 May 2021 in Annals of Forest Science
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We assessed forest users’ willingness to pay (WTP) for regulating and cultural forest services based on their socio-economic status (rich vs. poor), proximity to forests (nearby vs. distant), and forest management modalities (community forestry vs. collaborative forest management). As expected, a huge variation was found in WTP among these sub-groups. The wealthier households (HH) preferred ‘cash’ whereas poor HHs preferred ‘labour’ as a payment option. Forest’s ecosystem services (FES) research have largely concentrated on aggregated economic valuation, while minimal consideration has been paid to distributional issues of willingness to pay (WTP) of many regulating and cultural services such as water quality improvement (WQI), flood control (FC), and bequest and aesthetic values. We assessed WTP of high-priority FES to the various sub-groups (nearby/distant, rich/poor and community/collaborative forest users) and explored the preferred payment options among the sub-groups in the Siwalik landscape of Nepal. We carried out contingent valuation survey of 253 households (ranging from 31 to 33 households from each of the sub-groups). We performed the generalised linear mixed model (GLMM) to analyse the data in RStudio. Spatial distance and wealth levels of the respondents play a crucial role in WTP of FES. GLMM analysis indicated that WTP of non-marketed FES differed in terms of cash and labour format. Generally, the WTP is higher in wealthier sub-groups as a cash option. WTP in-terms of labour is a better option for poor HH. Disaggregated WTP should be considered while designing future forest management interventions.

ACS Style

Ram Prasad Acharya; Tek Narayan Maraseni; Geoff Cockfield. Estimating the willingness to pay for regulating and cultural ecosystem services from forested Siwalik landscapes: perspectives of disaggregated users. Annals of Forest Science 2021, 78, 1 -27.

AMA Style

Ram Prasad Acharya, Tek Narayan Maraseni, Geoff Cockfield. Estimating the willingness to pay for regulating and cultural ecosystem services from forested Siwalik landscapes: perspectives of disaggregated users. Annals of Forest Science. 2021; 78 (2):1-27.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ram Prasad Acharya; Tek Narayan Maraseni; Geoff Cockfield. 2021. "Estimating the willingness to pay for regulating and cultural ecosystem services from forested Siwalik landscapes: perspectives of disaggregated users." Annals of Forest Science 78, no. 2: 1-27.

Journal article
Published: 29 January 2021 in Forest Policy and Economics
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Trees outside forests (TOF) are integral components of rural livelihoods providing fodder, fruit, firewood, timber, and other ecosystem services. The extent and magnitude of the contribution of TOF may vary with the different socioeconomic and demographic factors of the households (HHs) within a community. Based on a comprehensive survey of 78 HHs and an inventory of their farms in the Tanahun district, Nepal, this study assessed the species diversity, richness, and carbon storage in TOF in various socioeconomic strata. We found 623 individual trees representing 38 species and 21 families. Species diversity was the highest in the farmland owned by indigenous people according to caste, middle-income class according to the well-being class, and farmers according to the main occupation of the HH. Species diversity varied significantly with the amount of land, the number of livestock, and the distance from one's home to forests; furthermore, the carbon stock per HH varied significantly with the amount of land, the number of livestock, caste, and well-being class. TOF contribute to a national carbon budget and therefore need to be considered in nationally determined contributions and performance-based payments in forestry systems (REDD+). Efforts to regularly measure and monitor TOF by including them in the national forest inventory system are crucial to record their contributions to the overall livelihood of local people and the national carbon budget.

ACS Style

Shes Kanta Bhandari; Tek Maraseni; Yajna Prasad Timilsina; Rajan Parajuli. Species composition, diversity, and carbon stock in trees outside forests in middle hills of Nepal. Forest Policy and Economics 2021, 125, 102402 .

AMA Style

Shes Kanta Bhandari, Tek Maraseni, Yajna Prasad Timilsina, Rajan Parajuli. Species composition, diversity, and carbon stock in trees outside forests in middle hills of Nepal. Forest Policy and Economics. 2021; 125 ():102402.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shes Kanta Bhandari; Tek Maraseni; Yajna Prasad Timilsina; Rajan Parajuli. 2021. "Species composition, diversity, and carbon stock in trees outside forests in middle hills of Nepal." Forest Policy and Economics 125, no. : 102402.

Journal article
Published: 07 October 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Climate change is a multifaceted problem impacting social, economic and environmental values. Strategies to reduce climate change impacts require novel and integrated solutions that simultaneously benefit multiple parts of society and minimise potential conflict between economic, food production and environmental values. Here, we use a novel integrated analysis of the energy-water-food nexus, land use, and climate change to explore whether mounting environmental pressure can be reversed without negative consequences on food production and economic outcomes. Using Australia as a test case, our results show the significant potential of optimal use of land and water resources in achieving both increased crop production and reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions while sustaining economic outcomes. Our trade-off analysis shows that, at a regional level, up to 50% reduction in GHG emissions from irrigated crop production is possible without compromising total gross margins; in addition, regional optimisation of resource use resulted in surplus water and land available for environmental planting. Our analysis also indicates that further emissions reduction without trade-offs can be achieved with a higher carbon price and/or where water markets ensure higher value water use. To our knowledge, this is the first future-looking modelling to integrate this range of crop production, environmental and economic issues. This type of integrated approach has potential to better inform government emission reduction policy aimed at finding an equitable and sustainable balance across multiple policy areas.

ACS Style

Tek Maraseni; Duc-Anh An-Vo; Shahbaz Mushtaq; Kate Reardon-Smith. Carbon smart agriculture: An integrated regional approach offers significant potential to increase profit and resource use efficiency, and reduce emissions. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 282, 124555 .

AMA Style

Tek Maraseni, Duc-Anh An-Vo, Shahbaz Mushtaq, Kate Reardon-Smith. Carbon smart agriculture: An integrated regional approach offers significant potential to increase profit and resource use efficiency, and reduce emissions. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 282 ():124555.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tek Maraseni; Duc-Anh An-Vo; Shahbaz Mushtaq; Kate Reardon-Smith. 2020. "Carbon smart agriculture: An integrated regional approach offers significant potential to increase profit and resource use efficiency, and reduce emissions." Journal of Cleaner Production 282, no. : 124555.

Journal article
Published: 07 October 2020 in Sustainability
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Forest ecosystem services (ES) valuation research has increased exponentially in recent years, and scholars accept that such research could be useful in reshaping governments’ policies. Despite such scholarly efforts, the research outcomes have had limited application in actual policies and plans. This study explores reasons why ES valuation research recommendations are not reflected in policy processes and proposes a research framework which, when appropriately applied, would lead to the adoption of research findings. Literature review, semi-structured expert interviews (N = 29), and a workshop (N = 2), were used to achieve these objectives. Experts expressed that limited stakeholder engagement is the key factor hindering incorporation of ES research outcomes in policies and plans. We developed a framework that comprises four major components (inputs, actors, outcomes, impacts) and sets out the seven major steps involved in implementing this framework. Effective engagement of relevant stakeholders in each step is critical to integrate the ES research outcomes in policy and plans although this will demand a lengthy timeframe and a high investment requirement. Such engagement would create an environment of trust that enhances the acceptability of research outcomes among stakeholders. The acceptability of the research outcomes can increase ownership leading to more informed decision making, and ultimately yield desired outcomes in ES conservation.

ACS Style

Ram Acharya; Tek Maraseni; Geoff Cockfield. An Ecosystem Services Valuation Research Framework for Policy Integration in Developing Countries: A Case Study from Nepal. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8250 .

AMA Style

Ram Acharya, Tek Maraseni, Geoff Cockfield. An Ecosystem Services Valuation Research Framework for Policy Integration in Developing Countries: A Case Study from Nepal. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (19):8250.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ram Acharya; Tek Maraseni; Geoff Cockfield. 2020. "An Ecosystem Services Valuation Research Framework for Policy Integration in Developing Countries: A Case Study from Nepal." Sustainability 12, no. 19: 8250.

Review
Published: 27 September 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The household sector, which plays a critical role in emission reduction, is a main source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Although numerous academic journals have published papers on household CO2 emissions (HCEs), great challenges remain in research on assessments, determinants, and further research prospects. This work reviews and projects HCEs using a bibliometric analysis and a systematic review based on the data from the Web of Science (WOS) platform from 1991 to 2020. Over the last 30 years, there has been a rapid and active trend of research on HCEs. We find that (1) the scale of the bibliometric analysis shows that research on HCEs is interdisciplinary and must consider overall cognition of the environment, the economy, society, and technology. It also needs to strengthen cooperation between different countries/territories to emphasize the quality and influence of papers on HCEs. (2) A review of previous literature shows that research on HCEs mainly focuses on the research object, mainstream assessments, and influencing factors. The following six main aspects impact HCEs: demographic, income, social, technological, policy, and natural factors. (3) The research discussion suggests that more micro-level research needs to be conducted, such as research on the city level and the individual level, which is important for sustainable development and low consumption. A comparative analysis of the differences in HCEs is a future research direction. Additionally, localized carbon emission reduction measures need to be implemented.

ACS Style

Lina Liu; Jiansheng Qu; Tek Narayan Maraseni; Yibo Niu; Jingjing Zeng; Lihua Zhang; Li Xu. Household CO2 Emissions: Current Status and Future Perspectives. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 7077 .

AMA Style

Lina Liu, Jiansheng Qu, Tek Narayan Maraseni, Yibo Niu, Jingjing Zeng, Lihua Zhang, Li Xu. Household CO2 Emissions: Current Status and Future Perspectives. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (19):7077.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lina Liu; Jiansheng Qu; Tek Narayan Maraseni; Yibo Niu; Jingjing Zeng; Lihua Zhang; Li Xu. 2020. "Household CO2 Emissions: Current Status and Future Perspectives." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19: 7077.

Journal article
Published: 15 May 2020 in Journal of Environmental Management
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Countries in the Asia-Pacific region are pioneers in the implementation of climate change mitigation initiatives. They have implemented readiness activities to fulfil the requirements for results-based payments from the forestry sector (termed REDD+). Using content analysis, a questionnaire, and a series of workshops with key stakeholders, we mapped the REDD + readiness of 11 Asia-Pacific countries with respect to UNFCCC's resolutions on REDD+. Their status was mapped against the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), which constitutes the five design elements of the Warsaw REDD + Framework and the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF) requirements. While the overall achievements vary across the studied countries, our results demonstrate that Vietnam, Nepal, and Indonesia are in an advanced stage of REDD + readiness. A significant number of conditional NDCs and timely and adequate technical and financial support are imperative for the studied countries to achieve a high level of readiness. However, lack of trust and coordination among the state and non-state actors, limited national participation of Civil Society Organizations and Indigenous Peoples in REDD + related committees, and conflicts among regulatory frameworks related to forestry and other land uses remain common challenges for these countries. These challenges risk disrupting the essence of REDD + as a multi-level, multi-stage and multi-stakeholder governance system. Stakeholders in these countries are optimistic about a better performance of REDD + regarding emission reduction, enhanced livelihoods, improved forest governance and improvement in biodiversity. However, any optimism is challenged by stakeholder's own suspicion of the effectiveness of REDD + projects to achieve permanency and control leakage/displacement. Building political will and the development of context-specific benefit-sharing plans and their effective implementation could be important keys to maintaining optimism of stakeholders about REDD + initiatives.

ACS Style

Tek Narayan Maraseni; Bishnu Hari Poudyal; Eak Rana; Sudarshan Chandra Khanal; Puspa Lal Ghimire; Bhishma P. Subedi. Mapping national REDD+ initiatives in the Asia-Pacific region. Journal of Environmental Management 2020, 269, 110763 .

AMA Style

Tek Narayan Maraseni, Bishnu Hari Poudyal, Eak Rana, Sudarshan Chandra Khanal, Puspa Lal Ghimire, Bhishma P. Subedi. Mapping national REDD+ initiatives in the Asia-Pacific region. Journal of Environmental Management. 2020; 269 ():110763.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tek Narayan Maraseni; Bishnu Hari Poudyal; Eak Rana; Sudarshan Chandra Khanal; Puspa Lal Ghimire; Bhishma P. Subedi. 2020. "Mapping national REDD+ initiatives in the Asia-Pacific region." Journal of Environmental Management 269, no. : 110763.

Journal article
Published: 13 April 2020 in Land Use Policy
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Provisioning Ecosystem Services (PS) from the forests contribute much to peoples’ livelihoods as well as to the national economy. Previous studies have been constrained by their primary focus on biophysical quantification of PS through modelling and mapping or aggregated monetary valuation, while little attention has been paid to the issues of the distribution of financial benefits among the different forest subgroups. Using market price and substitute good price methods, this paper assesses how local users exploit financial benefits and emit carbon from the use of PS in two dominant community-based forest management systems (community forestry—CF and collaborative forestry—CFM) based on proximity (nearby vs. distant users) and socio-economic class (rich vs. poor users) in the Siwalik region, Nepal. Results indicated that the wealth level of the users plays a key role in the amount of financial benefits generated from the use of PS: (1) users living near forests receive the highest economic benefits compared to those living long distances from the forest area. However the distribution of benefits differs according to management modality and socioeconomic status; (2) CF users, on average, receive higher economic benefits than CFM users; and (3) compared to poor households, rich households receive higher benefits. On average, a rich household adjacent to CF receives USD 1214/year while a poor household living in the same area receives almost half of that (USD 630/year). Similarly, a poor household living far from a forest area generates USD 189/year, slightly higher than that of a rich household in the same area (USD 109/year); and (4) an average CF user emits more carbon (7.4 tCO2/HH/year) from the consumption of PS than an average CFM user (5 tCO2/HH/year). Finally, we discuss the reasons behind these differences and draw policy implications for developing and refining constitutions and operational plans of forest user groups.

ACS Style

Ram Prasad Acharya; Tek Maraseni; Geoff Cockfield. Assessing the financial contribution and carbon emission pattern of provisioning ecosystem services in Siwalik forests in Nepal: Valuation from the perspectives of disaggregated users. Land Use Policy 2020, 95, 104647 .

AMA Style

Ram Prasad Acharya, Tek Maraseni, Geoff Cockfield. Assessing the financial contribution and carbon emission pattern of provisioning ecosystem services in Siwalik forests in Nepal: Valuation from the perspectives of disaggregated users. Land Use Policy. 2020; 95 ():104647.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ram Prasad Acharya; Tek Maraseni; Geoff Cockfield. 2020. "Assessing the financial contribution and carbon emission pattern of provisioning ecosystem services in Siwalik forests in Nepal: Valuation from the perspectives of disaggregated users." Land Use Policy 95, no. : 104647.

Discussion
Published: 04 February 2020 in Environmental Science & Policy
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Achieving the objectives of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest(s) Degradation, Conservation and Enhancement of Forest Carbon Stocks and Sustainable Management of Forests in developing countries (REDD+) will remain an aspiration unless and until the historical contributions of Indigenous Peoples (IPs) and Local Communities (LCs) to the state and management of forests are recognised and respected. REDD + is designed for developing countries where community-based forest management systems (CBFM) are becoming increasingly popular. Using the case study of Nepal, a pioneer of community forest (CF) management, we show how the traditional users of Tarai forests are systemically excluded from mainstream CF practices and discuss the potential negative implications of not rewarding their historical contribution. Considering the scope provided by REDD + benefit sharing plans (BSPs) and the greater number of developing countries involved in designing BSPs, we: (1) argue that BSP offers a unique opportunity to recognize historical contributions of traditional users; (2) suggest specific provisions for channelling REDD + benefits to the traditional users as a potential solution; and (3) conclude that the inability to provide such benefits may result in the failure of REDD + on a broader scale, nullifying global efforts for forest-based climate change mitigation.

ACS Style

Bishnu Hari Poudyal; Tek Maraseni; Geoff Cockfield; Bhola Bhattarai. Recognition of historical contribution of indigenous peoples and local communities through benefit sharing plans (BSPs) in REDD+. Environmental Science & Policy 2020, 106, 111 -114.

AMA Style

Bishnu Hari Poudyal, Tek Maraseni, Geoff Cockfield, Bhola Bhattarai. Recognition of historical contribution of indigenous peoples and local communities through benefit sharing plans (BSPs) in REDD+. Environmental Science & Policy. 2020; 106 ():111-114.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bishnu Hari Poudyal; Tek Maraseni; Geoff Cockfield; Bhola Bhattarai. 2020. "Recognition of historical contribution of indigenous peoples and local communities through benefit sharing plans (BSPs) in REDD+." Environmental Science & Policy 106, no. : 111-114.

Journal article
Published: 07 January 2020 in Journal of Environmental Management
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Environmental pollutants generated by waste incineration plants, such as heavy metals and dioxin, make surrounding residents very sensitive to the construction of such facilities. This sensitivity and anxiety of residents may induce group events, which further leads to the emergence of social risks. Based on risk perception theory, a total of 320 questionnaires was designed and handed out to residents neighboring to Jiangqiao Waste Incineration Plant in Shanghai, China to detect the factors affecting risk attitude toward such plants. Using ordered logit model, it is found that there are four decisive factors including impact on health, information cognitive, objective characteristics, and the attitude of the neighbors. These factors have different influence on resident risk attitudes, in which the attitude of the neighbors is of most significance, followed by the economic-geography characteristics of residents, the information cognitive has minimal impact.

ACS Style

Yongyou Nie; Yanjing Wu; Jinbu Zhao; Jizhi Zhou; Yuhao Zhang; Jun Zhao; Tek Maraseni; Guangren Qian. Resident risk attitude analysis in the decision-making management of waste incineration construction. Journal of Environmental Management 2020, 258, 109946 .

AMA Style

Yongyou Nie, Yanjing Wu, Jinbu Zhao, Jizhi Zhou, Yuhao Zhang, Jun Zhao, Tek Maraseni, Guangren Qian. Resident risk attitude analysis in the decision-making management of waste incineration construction. Journal of Environmental Management. 2020; 258 ():109946.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yongyou Nie; Yanjing Wu; Jinbu Zhao; Jizhi Zhou; Yuhao Zhang; Jun Zhao; Tek Maraseni; Guangren Qian. 2020. "Resident risk attitude analysis in the decision-making management of waste incineration construction." Journal of Environmental Management 258, no. : 109946.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2020 in Ecosystems and People
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The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services(IPBES) strengthens the science-policy interface by producing scientific assessments on biodiversity and ecosystem services to inform policy. IPBES fosters knowledge exchange across disciplines, between researchers and other knowledge holders, practitioners, societal actors and decision makers working at different geographic scales. A number of avenues for participation of stakeholders across the four functions if IPBES exist. Stakeholders come from diverse backgrounds, including Indigenous Peoples and local communities, businesses, and non-governmental organization. They represent multiple sources of information, data, knowledge, and perspectives on biodiversity. Stakeholder engagement in IPBES seeks to 1. communicate, disseminate, and implement the findings of IPBES products; 2. Develop guidelines for biodiversity conservation within member countries; and 3. create linkages between global policy and local actors – all key to the implementation of global agreements on biodiversity. This paper reflects on the role of stakeholders in the first work programme of IPBES (2014–2018). It provides an overview of IPBES processes and products relevant to stakeholders, examines the motivation of stakeholders to engage with IPBES, and explores reflections by the authors (all active participants on the platform) for improved stakeholder engagement and contributions to future work of the platform.

ACS Style

Cornelia B. Krug; Eleanor Sterling; Timothy Cadman; Jonas Geschke; Paula F. Drummond de Castro; Rainer Schliep; Isimemen Osemwegie; Frank E. Muller-Karger; Tek Maraseni. Stakeholder participation in IPBES: connecting local environmental work with global decision making. Ecosystems and People 2020, 16, 197 -211.

AMA Style

Cornelia B. Krug, Eleanor Sterling, Timothy Cadman, Jonas Geschke, Paula F. Drummond de Castro, Rainer Schliep, Isimemen Osemwegie, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Tek Maraseni. Stakeholder participation in IPBES: connecting local environmental work with global decision making. Ecosystems and People. 2020; 16 (1):197-211.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cornelia B. Krug; Eleanor Sterling; Timothy Cadman; Jonas Geschke; Paula F. Drummond de Castro; Rainer Schliep; Isimemen Osemwegie; Frank E. Muller-Karger; Tek Maraseni. 2020. "Stakeholder participation in IPBES: connecting local environmental work with global decision making." Ecosystems and People 16, no. 1: 197-211.

Review
Published: 30 December 2019 in Science of The Total Environment
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Greater one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) is one of the most iconic wildlife species in the world. Once reduced to fewer than 500 during the 1960s, its global population has been recovering and is now over 3500, thanks to effective conservation programs in India and Nepal, the only two countries in the world where this species is found. It is one of the greatest success stories in biodiversity conservation given that hundreds of other species have disappeared, and thousands of species are on the verge of extinction. However, poaching is not the only threat for the long-term survival of rhinoceros. Loss and degradation of grassland habitat and the drying-up of wetlands are emerging threats predicted to worsen in the future, but the published information on rhinoceros has never been synthesized. In order to better understand the trends and current status of rhinoceros research and identify research gaps inhibiting its long-term conservation, we analyzed the themes discussed in 215 articles covering a period of 33 years between 1985 and 2018. Our findings suggest that studies on both free-ranging and captive rhinoceros are skewed towards biological aspects of the species including morphology, anatomy, physiology, and behaviour. There are no studies addressing the likely effects of climate change on the species, and limited information is available on rhinoceros genetics, diseases, habitat dynamics and the impacts of tourism and other infrastructure development in and around rhinoceros habitat. These issues will need addressing to maintain the conservation success of greater one-horned rhinoceros into the future.

ACS Style

Ganesh Pant; Tek Maraseni; Armando Apan; Benjamin L. Allen. Trends and current state of research on greater one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis): A systematic review of the literature over a period of 33 years (1985–2018). Science of The Total Environment 2019, 710, 136349 .

AMA Style

Ganesh Pant, Tek Maraseni, Armando Apan, Benjamin L. Allen. Trends and current state of research on greater one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis): A systematic review of the literature over a period of 33 years (1985–2018). Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 710 ():136349.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ganesh Pant; Tek Maraseni; Armando Apan; Benjamin L. Allen. 2019. "Trends and current state of research on greater one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis): A systematic review of the literature over a period of 33 years (1985–2018)." Science of The Total Environment 710, no. : 136349.

Journal article
Published: 23 December 2019 in Forests
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Design and application of context-specific forest management practices with the participation of key stakeholders plays a significant role in sustainable forest management outcomes. However, key forestry stakeholders often hold different, and sometimes conflicting, expectations in relation to forest management policies and management objectives. Applying the triple-perspective typology of stakeholder theory, this paper assessed the evolution of “Scientific Forest Management” (SciFM), a signature programme of the Nepalese Government, as well as its policy processes and explored compatibility, complexity, cost and relative advantages of the adoption of SciFM. The government believes that without this programme, Nepal is losing 91 Million US Dollar (USD) per year. This study revealed that participation of key stakeholders remained contested from the beginning of its implementation, primarily due to differences they held in understanding and interpretation of SciFM. Although stakeholders’ views converged on the potential role of SciFM to increase forest product supply and the domination of timber-centric management, their perspectives differed in nomenclature and implementation modality of SciFM. Primarily, the community forest users and their networks did not own the concept from the beginning, as they were suspicious of recentralization and bureaucratic dominance in forest governance through SciFM. Since historically ingrained skepticism in both government officials and community forest users’ networks towards each other has negatively influenced the trust-building environment, the management of stakeholders’ relations through frequent and meaningful deliberations, and the simplification of bureaucratic procedures in implementation and capacity development of key actors could be instrumental in achieving SciFM objectives.

ACS Style

Bishnu Hari Poudyal; Tek Maraseni; Geoff Cockfield. Scientific Forest Management Practice in Nepal: Critical Reflections from Stakeholders’ Perspectives. Forests 2019, 11, 27 .

AMA Style

Bishnu Hari Poudyal, Tek Maraseni, Geoff Cockfield. Scientific Forest Management Practice in Nepal: Critical Reflections from Stakeholders’ Perspectives. Forests. 2019; 11 (1):27.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bishnu Hari Poudyal; Tek Maraseni; Geoff Cockfield. 2019. "Scientific Forest Management Practice in Nepal: Critical Reflections from Stakeholders’ Perspectives." Forests 11, no. 1: 27.

Journal article
Published: 13 December 2019 in Land Use Policy
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Selective logging (SL) contributes nearly 15 percent of the global timber needs. Considering its role in sustainable timber production, biodiversity conservation and forest carbon enhancement, assessment of SL policies and practices is crucial. This paper assesses the policies and practices of SL in natural production forests of the Tarai region of Nepal and Queensland Australia to explore the key differences in such policies and practices and their possible implications in achieving sustainable forest management objectives. The primary methods applied in the study were review and synthesis of key policy documents and qualitative analysis of the information gathered from key informant interviews and stakeholders’ workshop. Altogether, 53 respondents from a wide range of stakeholder groups (government organizations-15, non-government organizations/networks-15, private sector including the individual landowners-13, local political leaders-3 and independent forest experts/scientists-7) were consulted. Findings suggest that: (1) frequent and inconsistent changes in policy provisions, lengthy administrative procedures and heavy engagement of state forest agencies in forest product harvesting and sales processes play key roles in sub-optimal forest production in Nepal, whereas lower dependency on forest-products, higher labour costs, lack of species-wise royalty rate and flexibility in selecting optional logs are the key factors for increased wastages of forest products in Queensland; (2) recovery and utilisation of the harvested forest product is better in Nepal but policy and practical considerations on biodiversity and environment are better in Queensland; and (3) Forest harvesting specific codes of practice, occupational health and safety standards, and their compliance mechanism of Queensland could be beneficial for Nepal to minimise operational harvesting risks and to attract professional harvesters that support promoting sustainable use and management of natural forests, as we found this aspect almost neglected in Nepal.

ACS Style

Bishnu Hari Poudyal; Tek Maraseni; Geoff Cockfield. An assessment of the policies and practices of selective logging and timber utilisation: A case study from natural forests of Tarai Nepal and Queensland Australia. Land Use Policy 2019, 91, 104422 .

AMA Style

Bishnu Hari Poudyal, Tek Maraseni, Geoff Cockfield. An assessment of the policies and practices of selective logging and timber utilisation: A case study from natural forests of Tarai Nepal and Queensland Australia. Land Use Policy. 2019; 91 ():104422.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bishnu Hari Poudyal; Tek Maraseni; Geoff Cockfield. 2019. "An assessment of the policies and practices of selective logging and timber utilisation: A case study from natural forests of Tarai Nepal and Queensland Australia." Land Use Policy 91, no. : 104422.

Journal article
Published: 26 November 2019 in Land Use Policy
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Hari Krishna Laudari; Kishor Aryal; Tek Maraseni. A postmortem of forest policy dynamics of Nepal. Land Use Policy 2019, 91, 1 .

AMA Style

Hari Krishna Laudari, Kishor Aryal, Tek Maraseni. A postmortem of forest policy dynamics of Nepal. Land Use Policy. 2019; 91 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hari Krishna Laudari; Kishor Aryal; Tek Maraseni. 2019. "A postmortem of forest policy dynamics of Nepal." Land Use Policy 91, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 03 September 2019 in Applied Geography
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The role of natural (non-plantation) production forests is increasingly recognized in conservation of forest biodiversity globally. Government and other forest stakeholders in Nepal are, however, still reluctant to promote active management of production forests for fear of negative impacts on forest biodiversity. Moreover, Nepal's government is converting production forests into protected areas thus restricting the area available for multiple uses. To assess the implications of forest management practices on forest biodiversity at landscape level, we compared the richness and composition of tree species among regularly harvested community forests, irregularly harvested community forests, protected area and national forests in sub-tropical forested landscape of Nepal using tree species inventory and assessment of key environmental variables. Results showed that regularly harvested community forests could be effective in supporting tree species richness and composition compared to other management regimes. Results supported the hypothesis that high forest disturbance and no disturbance do not support tree species diversity and composition. In addition, this study found that regularly managed community forests also protect ecologically important and vulnerable tree species. Some possible explanations for the better performance of these community forests could be tenure security, frequency and regularity of silvicultural operations and sensitivity of forest users to the ecological aspects of forest management. Our study reaffirmed the need for active forest management at the local level to contribute to global conservation initiatives such as sustainable forest management, reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries (REDD+) and biodiversity conservation. Better compliance with forest management plans and capacity development of local forestry stakeholders in forest management operations are suggested for managing forests outside protected areas that is, in national and community forests.

ACS Style

Bishnu Hari Poudyal; Tek Maraseni; Geoff Cockfield. Impacts of forest management on tree species richness and composition: Assessment of forest management regimes in Tarai landscape Nepal. Applied Geography 2019, 111, 102078 .

AMA Style

Bishnu Hari Poudyal, Tek Maraseni, Geoff Cockfield. Impacts of forest management on tree species richness and composition: Assessment of forest management regimes in Tarai landscape Nepal. Applied Geography. 2019; 111 ():102078.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bishnu Hari Poudyal; Tek Maraseni; Geoff Cockfield. 2019. "Impacts of forest management on tree species richness and composition: Assessment of forest management regimes in Tarai landscape Nepal." Applied Geography 111, no. : 102078.

Journal article
Published: 15 August 2019 in Forests
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Selective logging is one of the main natural forest harvesting approaches worldwide and contributes nearly 15% of global timber needs. However, there are increasing concerns that ongoing selective logging practices have led to decreased forest product supply, increased forest degradation, and contributed to forest based carbon emissions. Taking cases of natural forest harvesting practices from the Tarai region of Nepal and Queensland Australia, this study assesses forest product recovery and associated carbon emissions along the timber production chain. Field measurements and product flow analysis of 127 commercially harvested trees up to the exit gate of sawmills and interaction with sawmill owners and forest managers reveal that: (1) Queensland selective logging has less volume recovery (52.8%) compared to Nepal (94.5%) leaving significant utilizable volume in the forest, (2) Stump volume represents 5.5% of total timber volume in Nepal and 3.9% in Queensland with an average stump height of 43.3 cm and 40.1 cm in Nepal and Queensland respectively, (3) Average sawn timber output from the harvested logs is 36.3% in Queensland against 61% in Nepal, (4) Nepal and Queensland leave 0.186 Mg C m−3 and 0.718 Mg C m−3 on the forest floor respectively, (5) Each harvested tree damages an average of five plant species in Nepal and four in Queensland predominantly seedlings in both sites, and (6) Overall logging related total emissions in Queensland are more than double (1.099 Mg C m−3) those in Nepal (0.488 Mg C m−3). We compared these results with past studies and speculated on possible reasons for and potential implications of these results for sustainable forest management and reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation.

ACS Style

Bishnu Hari Poudyal; Tek Narayan Maraseni; Geoff Cockfield. Implications of Selective Harvesting of Natural Forests for Forest Product Recovery and Forest Carbon Emissions: Cases from Tarai Nepal and Queensland Australia. Forests 2019, 10, 693 .

AMA Style

Bishnu Hari Poudyal, Tek Narayan Maraseni, Geoff Cockfield. Implications of Selective Harvesting of Natural Forests for Forest Product Recovery and Forest Carbon Emissions: Cases from Tarai Nepal and Queensland Australia. Forests. 2019; 10 (8):693.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bishnu Hari Poudyal; Tek Narayan Maraseni; Geoff Cockfield. 2019. "Implications of Selective Harvesting of Natural Forests for Forest Product Recovery and Forest Carbon Emissions: Cases from Tarai Nepal and Queensland Australia." Forests 10, no. 8: 693.

Journal article
Published: 17 May 2019 in Forest Policy and Economics
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While developing countries around the world are preparing to implement REDD+, there is a debate on the possible role of fiscal instruments in encouraging the private sector and smallholder stakeholders in reducing emissions. Drawing on a case of Indonesia, an early leader on REDD+, this paper investigates the role of fiscal instruments in encouraging the private sector to reduce forest-based emissions and the implications for improving the forest sector governance. In particular the study highlights the perspectives of a range of forest sector stakeholders on the role of fiscal instruments that contribute either positively or negatively to reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in Indonesia. The study comprised a review of the existing instruments in Indonesia, as well as surveys and interviews. An online survey and structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with a range of forest sector stakeholders, including government, civil society, academia, and palm oil concession holders. Findings indicate that there is a range of formal and informal fiscal instruments at the various jurisdictional levels, and a variety of incentives and disincentives. More emphasis on cross-sectoral co-ordination, alternatives to commodities such as palm oil, and continued land reform, is required.

ACS Style

Tim Cadman; Tapan Sarker; Zahrul Muttaqin; Fitri Nurfatriani; Mimi Salminah; Tek Maraseni. The role of fiscal instruments in encouraging the private sector and smallholders to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation: Evidence from Indonesia. Forest Policy and Economics 2019, 108, 101913 .

AMA Style

Tim Cadman, Tapan Sarker, Zahrul Muttaqin, Fitri Nurfatriani, Mimi Salminah, Tek Maraseni. The role of fiscal instruments in encouraging the private sector and smallholders to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation: Evidence from Indonesia. Forest Policy and Economics. 2019; 108 ():101913.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tim Cadman; Tapan Sarker; Zahrul Muttaqin; Fitri Nurfatriani; Mimi Salminah; Tek Maraseni. 2019. "The role of fiscal instruments in encouraging the private sector and smallholders to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation: Evidence from Indonesia." Forest Policy and Economics 108, no. : 101913.

Journal article
Published: 15 May 2019 in Forests
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Forest-based ecosystem services (ES) play a vital role in improving people’s livelihoods, the environment, and the economy. Prior studies have focused on technical aspects of economic valuation such as biophysical quantification through modeling and mapping, or monetary valuation, while little attention has been paid to the social dimensions. Taking case studies of two dominant community-based forest management systems (community forestry—CF and collaborative forestry—CFM) in the Chure region of Nepal, we investigate how local users and other stakeholders perceive the valuation of forest-based ecosystem services based on proximity (nearby vs. distant users), socio-economic class (rich vs. poor users), and forest management modalities (CF vs. CFM). We found that local users and other stakeholders in the Chure region identified a total of 42 forest-based ecosystem services: 16 provisioning, 15 regulating, and 11 cultural services. While all local users prioritised firewood, water quality improvement, and bequest values as the top three services, genetic resources, hazard protection, and hunting services were valued as having the lowest priority. The priorities placed on other services varied in many respects. For instance, rich users living near a CF showed a strong preference for fodder, grasses, and soil conservation services whereas users living far from forests prioritised timber, fresh water, and flood control services. In the case of CFM, rich users adjacent to forests preferred timber, soil conservation, and carbon sequestration services but those living far from forests chose timber, poles, and flood control as their top priorities. Differences in rankings also occurred among the regional managers, national experts, and forest users. The reasons for these differences and their policy implications are discussed, and ways of reaching consensus between the users are suggested.

ACS Style

Ram Prasad Acharya; Tek Narayan Maraseni; Geoff Cockfield. Local Users and Other Stakeholders’ Perceptions of the Identification and Prioritization of Ecosystem Services in Fragile Mountains: A Case Study of Chure Region of Nepal. Forests 2019, 10, 421 .

AMA Style

Ram Prasad Acharya, Tek Narayan Maraseni, Geoff Cockfield. Local Users and Other Stakeholders’ Perceptions of the Identification and Prioritization of Ecosystem Services in Fragile Mountains: A Case Study of Chure Region of Nepal. Forests. 2019; 10 (5):421.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ram Prasad Acharya; Tek Narayan Maraseni; Geoff Cockfield. 2019. "Local Users and Other Stakeholders’ Perceptions of the Identification and Prioritization of Ecosystem Services in Fragile Mountains: A Case Study of Chure Region of Nepal." Forests 10, no. 5: 421.