Against the backdrop of global warming and rapid urbanization, high-density central urban areas in valley cities face exacerbated ventilation deterioration and reduced pedestrian-level wind comfort due to topographic constraints and intensive development. This study investigates the coupling mechanism between spatial morphology and wind environment in Lanzhou’s Xiguan Cross area using a complex network model, CFD numerical simulation, and statistical analysis. A ventilation resistance surface was constructed using circuit theory and ArcGIS 10.8 to identify ventilation corridors. PHOENICS was used to simulate summer pedestrian-level (1.5 m) wind fields, while SPSS 2025 was employed for regression analysis of building density, enclosure degree, and dispersion degree against the mean wind velocity ratio. Results indicate: (1) wind velocities are higher at the periphery and lower in the interior; (2) building density and enclosure degree have a highly significant negative impact on the wind velocity ratio, whereas dispersion degree has a significant positive impact, with influence intensity ranked as enclosure degree > building density > dispersion degree. Based on these findings, three differentiated morphological optimization strategies are proposed and validated through simulation, effectively increasing the proportion of comfortable wind zones. This study provides a scientific basis for improving urban microclimate and pedestrian comfort through urban design.

Constrained by the dual effects of terrain-induced funneling and continental climate, the outdoor wind environment of residential areas in cold-region valley cities faces an inherent contradiction between winter wind shielding and basic ventilation. Existing studies predominantly focus on single-factor sensitivity analysis, lacking quantitative decomposition of multi-parameter contributions and a systematic linkage with sustainable development goals. Taking Anning Courtyard in Lanzhou as the case study, this paper proposes an OED-AHP analytical framework that couples orthogonal experimental design (OED) with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Based on CFD wind field simulation data, the judgment matrix is assigned objectively to quantify the weight impacts of three morphological parameters—average windward area ratio, building spacing coefficient, and residential enclosure degree—on the pedestrian-level wind environment in winter. On this basis, a spatial morphology optimization system covering three dimensions of environment-energy, resource-economy, and society-health is constructed. This study reveals the hierarchical influence law of parameters on the wind environment of residential areas in cold-region valley cities and identifies the optimal morphological combination that balances winter wind protection and ventilation uniformity, providing a quantitative decision-making tool for low-carbon and livable planning of residential areas in cold-region valley cities.

To address the mismatch between spatial form and wind environment of residential districts in cold-region valley-type cities, which leads to poor thermal comfort, low ventilation efficiency and high building energy consumption, this study takes Hongyun Runyuan, a typical large-scale residential district in Lanzhou, as the research case. Using orthogonal experimental design, nine spatial schemes were developed with three core morphological parameters (building orientation, spacing coefficient, enclosure degree), each set with three levels. CFD simulations via PHOENICS were performed to analyze the influence weight of each parameter on the winter wind environment at 1.5 m pedestrian height. Results show that building orientation exerts an extremely significant effect on the winter wind environment (p = 0.006), while the spacing coefficient and enclosure degree have no significant independent effects (all p > 0.05). The optimal scheme, featuring 10° east of south orientation, 1.1 spacing coefficient and 0.3 enclosure degree, can effectively meet the winter wind protection demand. The quantitative optimization strategies proposed in this study provide scientific support for wind-friendly residential planning and building energy efficiency improvement in cold-region valley-type cities.