At present, it is difficult to bring centralized heating to rural areas owing to factors such as scattered distribution, distance from towns and cities, and difficulty in laying public pipes. According to research, most rural residents use inefficient household heating facilities, thereby resulting in serious environmental pollution and a decline in the quality of life of residents. In order to alleviate environmental pollution, the use of solar energy, air energy, and other renewable energy for rural heating of such decentralized buildings is of profound significance. This study analyzed the distribution characteristics of solar energy resources and solar combined air energy greenhouse heating system, established and solved a mathematical model of the solar combined air energy greenhouse heating system, calculated solar heat collection and solar heating energy consumption. From the data analysis, the relationship among heat gain power, heating power, and the water temperature of the water storage tank of the heat pump system was obtained. The mathematical model of the storage tank of the solar combined air energy greenhouse heating system was solved, and the operating conditions and volume of the storage tank of the solar combined air energy greenhouse heating system were determined. The study also analyzed the solar heat collection and solar heating energy consumption in Qingdao, thereby pointing out the advantages of the solar combined air energy greenhouse heating system, and finally obtained the best heating scheme.

A physical model of a tall space livestock house was established using Prosim software and the relevant boundary conditions were set under the replacement of ventilation conditions. The exhaust air volume calculated by different ventilation times is simulated to the effort of the indoor pollutant concentration distribution and the measuring points are evenly arranged in the space. The study found that the replacement ventilation effect is optimal and the indoor pollutant concentration is the lowest when the indoor air supply and exhaust air volume are increased to 45 times/h.

Global climate change necessitates urgent carbon reduction, with the building sector being a major contributor. This study conducts a comprehensive life cycle carbon emission analysis of a nearly zero-energy office building in Shenyang, China, using the LCA theory and the carbon emission factor method. The calculation covers the production and transportation of building materials, construction, operation, and demolition stages. The results show that the building’s average annual carbon emission intensity is 56.36 kgCO₂e/(m²·a). The operation stage contributes the largest share, with an intensity of 37.83 kgCO₂e/(m²·a), primarily due to HVAC energy consumption. The material production and transportation stage follows, accounting for 31.67% of total emissions. Compared to conventional buildings, the proportion of operational emissions in this nearly zero-energy building is relatively lower, while the share from material production is significantly higher due to the use of high-performance insulation and components. Based on these findings, targeted carbon reduction strategies are proposed for each life cycle stage, emphasizing low-carbon material selection, renewable energy utilization, and efficient design. This study provides a quantitative reference for achieving carbon reduction goals in the building sector.