A descriptive study on cultural practices about menarche and menstruation was done with the objective to identify the cultural practices related to menarche and menstruation among women and to compare the difference in the cultural practices of different religions. A survey approach was used and subjects aged 18years and above were included in the study. Data were collected using demographic proforma and practice questionnaire on menarche and menstruation. Findings of the study revealed that 37% of the sample celebrates menarche and th 13% of the sample offered special pooja after 7^th day of menarche.83% of the sample does not offer pooja/namaz and visit temple during menstruation. 68% of the sample do not apply kumkum which is offered to God. Hindus practice different practices like not applying the kumkum (100%) which is offered to God, do not visit temples (100%), enter the pooja room (92%), attend the religious functions (100%). where as Christians are not following any practices and Muslims (100%) cut nails, shave private part and are not doing namaz for seven days. Conclusion: The findings of the present study revealed that majority of the Hindus believe that menstruation is unclean and they follow different practices.

Background The occurrence rate of stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) will be 151 per million population in India in the coming years. Comorbidities like diabetes mellitus and hypertension are the usual triggers of CKD. Hence this study aimed to control the progression of CKD and to note the effectiveness of a structured education program that would help in the prevention of complications related to diabetes and hypertension. Methods This quasi-experimental study was conducted among 88 participants who had hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or both for five or more years. The study objective was to find the effect of a Disease Management Program on delaying progression of CKD in patients with hypertension or diabetes mellitus. The baseline data were obtained from demographic proforma, and the clinical data collected were the blood pressure, serum creatinine, and random blood sugar (RBS) of the participants. The management of hypertension and diabetes mellitus was taught to them. In the fourth and the eighth month, blood pressure and blood sugar were reassessed. At one-year blood pressure, blood sugar, and serum creatinine were tested. Baseline and one-year follow-up blood pressure, blood sugar, and estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate were compared. Descriptive statistics and "Wilcoxon signed-rank test" were used to analyze the data. Results In one year, the mean systolic blood pressure reduced by six mm of Hg and mean blood sugar by 24 mg/dl. The prevalence of CKD stage three and above (< 60 ml/min/m2) was nine (10.22%). The median decline in eGFR was 5 ml/min/m2 (Z= 5.925, P< 0.001). Conclusion The Disease Management Program led to improvements in blood pressure and diabetes control and median progression of CKD was estimated at five ml/min/m2/year.

Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research aims to publish findings of doctors at grass root level and post graduate students, so that all unique medical experiences are recorded in literature.

Background: In India, the number of patients with type II diabetes mellitus in 2006 was 40.9 million and is expected to increase by 2025 to 69.9 million. Annually 1,00,000 new patients get diagnosed with End-Stage Renal Disease and require maintenance dialysis. Diabetes Mellitus and hypertension were the usual triggers of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). A structured education program helps in the prevention of diabetes and hypertension related complications. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted among 88 participants who had hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or both for five or more years with an objective to find the effect of a Disease Management Program on delaying progression of CKD in patients with hypertension or diabetes mellitus. The baseline data were collected on demographic proforma, serum creatinine, blood pressure, and random blood sugar, and the patients were taught the management of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. In the fourth and the eighth month, blood pressure and blood sugar were reassessed. At one-year blood pressure, blood sugar, and serum creatinine were tested. Baseline and one-year follow-up blood pressure, blood sugar, and estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate were compared. Descriptive statistics and "Wilcoxon signed-rank test" were used to analyze the data. Results: In one year, the mean systolic blood pressure reduced by six mm of Hg and mean blood sugar by 24 mg/dl. The prevalence of CKD stage three and above (< 60 ml/min/m2) was nine (10.22%). The median decline in eGFR was 5 ml/min/m2 (Z= 5.925, P< 0.001). Conclusion: The Disease Management Program led to improvements in blood pressure and diabetes control and median progression of CKD was estimated at five ml/min/m2/year.

Background: In India, the number of patients with type II diabetes mellitus in 2006 was 40.9 million and is expected to increase by 2025 to 69.9 million. The occurrence rate of stage 5 CKD was 151 per million population in India. Diabetes Mellitus and hypertension were the usual triggers of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). A structured education program helps in the prevention of diabetes and hypertension related complications. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted among 88 participants who had hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or both for five or more years with an objective to find the effect of a Disease Management Program on delaying progression of CKD in patients with hypertension or diabetes mellitus. The baseline data were collected on demographic proforma, serum creatinine, blood pressure, and random blood sugar, and the patients were taught the management of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. In the fourth and the eighth month, blood pressure and blood sugar were reassessed. At one-year blood pressure, blood sugar, and serum creatinine were tested. Baseline and one-year follow-up blood pressure, blood sugar, and estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate were compared. Descriptive statistics and "Wilcoxon signed-rank test" were used to analyze the data. Results: In one year, the mean systolic blood pressure reduced by six mm of Hg and mean blood sugar by 24 mg/dl. The prevalence of CKD stage three and above (< 60 ml/min/m2) was nine (10.22%). The median decline in eGFR was 5 ml/min/m2 (Z= 5.925, P< 0.001). Conclusion: The Disease Management Program led to improvements in blood pressure and diabetes control and median progression of CKD was estimated at five ml/min/m2/year.