Trevor’s disease, also known as dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica, is a rare nonhereditary skeletal development disorder that affects epiphyses. This type of dysplastic lesion was first reported by Mouchet and Berlot in 1926 under the name ‘tarsomegaly’. The main aim of this study is to raise awareness of Trevor’s disease among orthopedic surgeons and underline some important aspects of treatment by a detailed presentation of four different possible manifestations of the disease. Four different treatment methods were used on four different patients (three localized in hindfoot ankle region and one classic Trevor’s disease case). Treatment methods, localization of the sides involved, different characteristics of entire lower extremity, asymetry, distal femoral lateral epiphysis involvement, and hip involvement were analyzed thoroughly and the results were compared with those found in the most recent literature. Of our four patients, three were localized (hind foot ankle) cases and one was a classic dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica with hemimelic distribution of the entire lower extremity. We used arthroscopic resection, observation, excision, and temporary hemiepiphysiodesis treatment methods in each of our cases. Clinical follow-up results were reported to be between good and excellent. In sum, our opinion is that the treatment for this condition should be customized according to lesion localization and lesion size. Majority of cases with ankle involvement show good prognosis following excision. Observation is also an alternative in patients who refuse surgery. If an intra-articular lesion is present, the surgeon should perform an arthroscopy for assessment of lesion surface. If the lesion is adapted to the joint curvature, it should be left alone and hemiepiphysiodesis should be considered for correction. The most risky involvements that are related to deformities and limb-length discrepancies are the hip and the knee. This is usually the result of corrective osteotomy targeted at the supracondylar femoral area in immature skeletons. Hemiepiphysiodesis might be a more feasible option in those cases as it provides the surgeon with the choice to remove the staples when necessary.

Osteonecrosis, or avascular necrosis (AVN), is a degenerative bone disorder caused by insufficient blood supply, primarily affecting weight-bearing joints. With increasing reliance on platforms like YouTube for health information, evaluating the quality of content related to AVN is crucial to prevent misinformation. This study aims to assess the quality and educational value of YouTube videos on AVN. A systematic search was conducted on November 17, 2024, using the terms “avascular necrosis” and “osteonecrosis.” From an initial pool of 143,000 videos, 70 relevant videos were selected based on specific inclusion criteria. Two orthopedic surgeons independently reviewed these videos, assessing various characteristics and categorizing them by content and the uploader’s background. The quality was evaluated using the DISCERN score, JAMA criteria, and Video Power Index (VPI). Inter-rater reliability was assessed using Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC), which yielded a value of 0.903 (95% CI: 0.856 to 0.937), indicating nearly perfect agreement among reviewers. The mean video length was 11.6 ± 16.5 min, with a total view count averaging 23,087 ± 46,868. The mean DISCERN, JAMA, and GQS scores were 45.7 ± 13.9, 2.6 ± 0.7, and 3.0 ± 0.9, respectively. Videos uploaded by doctors had slightly higher quality scores, but overall, many videos were rated as average or poor. A significant positive correlation was found between the VPI and quality scores (p < 0.05), while older videos tended to have lower quality scores. Health-related videos on platforms like YouTube frequently do not meet high-quality standards, despite some differences in assessments. This emphasizes the need for better quality control and standardization in health content production. Collaboration among medical professionals, content creators, and platforms can significantly enhance online health education quality.

Associated joint disorders with popliteal cysts were stated approximately between the ranges of 41–83 % in all reported cases. Combined treatment strategies that eliminate intra-articular pathologies and cyst- associated valve mechanisms are thought to be a good option in treatment of the disease. In this study, our main objective is to present clinical results of our combined treatment results, which includes posterior cyst excision with supine arthroscopic intervention, targeting intra-articular pathologies on recalcitrant cases. One hundred three knees of 100 patients treated with posterior open cystectomy with valve and repair of posterior capsule, in addition to arthroscopic treatment of intra-articular lesions, were included in the study. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were performed in order to evaluate location of Baker cysts behind the knee. Rauschning-Lindgren and Lysholm Knee Scoring Scales were used to assess pre/post-operative knee functions. Mann-Whitney U test was used to evaluate the differences between genders in comparison of Lysholm and Lindgren scores. Mean age within gender groups was compared using independent samples t-test. Wilcoxon test was used to compare the change in Lysholm and Lindgren scores. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered to show a statistically significant result. Over the 1-year follow-up period, US and MR imaging was performed only with symptomatic patients. Cyst recurrence was seen only in 2 (1.94 %) patients. Post-operative Lysholm Knee and Lindgren knee scores demonstrated improvement in knee function and general comfort level of the patients. Our midterm follow-up (Mean: 39 Months) results showed that open cyst excision with valve and capsule repair with knee arthroscopy that targets associated intra-articular pathologies reduced the pain and improved the knee function in those patients. IV (Retrospective clinical study without comparison group).

Objective: The main objective of this study is to evaluate the availability of lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LACN) autograft for acute or delayed repair of segmented digital nerve injuries. Patients and Methods: 13 digital nerve defects of 11 patients; treated with interposition of LACN graft that harvested from ipsilateral extremity were included in the study. Mean follow up period was 35, 7 months. The mean time from injury to grafting is 53, 3 days. The results of the mean 2PDT and SWMT values of injured /uninjured finger at the end of follow up period were evaluated with Paired T test. The correlation between the defect length and the difference of 2PDT, SWMT values between the uninjured and injured finger at the end of follow up period; were evaluated with Pearson - correlation analysis. Results: The mean value of our 2PDT and SWMT results are ~5,923, ~3, 52, respectively in which can be interpreted between the normal and diminished light touch. The defect length and difference percentage of SWMT values is positively and significantly correlated statistically. Mean length of interposed nerve grafts was 18.5 mm. The age of the patient and the mean values of 2PDT and SWMT with the difference % of 2PDT and % of SWMT are not statistically correlated. Conclusion: Based on results regarding sensory regaining at recipient side and negligible sensory deficit at harvesting side, we suggest that lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve might be a valuable graft option for digital nerve defects.