Microrobots have broad applications in fields such as cell manipulation, drug delivery, and minimally invasive surgery. However, issues including poor processing precision, low efficiency, and inadequate material biocompatibility of microrobots remain to be urgently addressed. As a true three-dimensional and high-precision micro/nanofabrication method, ultrafast laser polymerization technology can fabricate microrobot structures with specific requirements. In this study, microrobots with different spiral shapes were fabricated via ultrafast laser polymerization technology, and their excellent biocompatibility was verified by culturing fibroblasts on the microrobots. The above research will provide a reference for the applications of microrobots in biomedical fields such as cell manipulation, drug delivery, and targeted therapy.

Micro/nanostructures exhibit distinctive advantages in cell capture and spatial distribution analysis.

The precise fabrication and controllable actuation of magnetic microspheres hold significant application value in biomedicine, microfluidic chips and other fields. Based on femtosecond laser two-photon polymerization technology (FLTPP), two methods are adopted to prepare magnetic microspheres in this study. Magnetic microspheres are fabricated via photoresist modification and post-treatment processes. Meanwhile, a 3D magnetic actuation system composed of a three-axis movable magnetic drive module and a real-time imaging system is constructed, enabling the flexible 3D actuation and real-time dynamic monitoring and visualized observation of magnetic microspheres. The results demonstrate that the magnetic microspheres exhibit sensitive magnetic response characteristics. The constructed magnetic actuation system features large travel range (XY: ±6.5 mm, Z: 10 mm), high precision (20 μm) and flexible manipulation, enabling stable locomotion of the microrobots in straight channels, L-shaped channels, and square channels. This study provides a technical reference for the fabrication and manipulation of magnetic micro/nano devices, and lays a foundation for their subsequent integrated applications in microfluidic systems.