To investigate the carbon footprint of bamboo-based activated carbon from different manufacturing pathways, this research evaluated cradle-to-gate manufacturing emissions under a unified system boundary and allocation baseline based on primary data from a 10,000 t/year continuous industrial production line. An LCA model was constructed and verified using an allocation ratio interval scanning method. Results showed that carbon footprints of granular, powdered, and extruded activated carbons were 184.76 kg CO₂ e/t kg CO₂ e/t, 236.75 kg CO₂ e/t, and 293.36 kg CO₂ e/t. Although these products shared identical carbonization and steam activation units, the carbon footprints from milling, molding, and binder inputs accounted for 25.01%, 41.48%, and 52.77% of the total emissions. Internal thermal energy recovery via by-product gas recycling decreased emissions by 81.7%, 77.7%, and 73.8%, respectively. Compared with traditional coal-based alternatives, bamboo-based products achieved a reduction in emissions of about 95%. This study provides scientific guidance for the low-carbon production process of bamboo-based activated carbon and demonstrates the potential of biomass substitution for climate change mitigation.

The eco-health effects of urban green spaces are playing a vital role in mitigating urban environmental stress and promoting residents’ well-being. However, the specific differences and dominant factors influencing these effects across different green space types and plant community structures have not been fully elucidated. This study selected three typical green spaces in Tianfu New District of Chengdu—regional green space, comprehensive park, and specialized park—and focused on four community structures: tree–shrub–herb, tree–herb, tree-only, and herb-only. Multi-scale in situ monitoring was conducted during summer, and a comprehensive index method was employed for evaluation. The results demonstrated that (1) the tree–shrub–herb multi-layered structure exhibited the optimal eco-health function at the community scale, with a PM_2.5 reduction rate of 73.86%, a noise reduction rate of 25.13%, and a negative air ion supply rate of up to 396%, significantly outperforming other structures. (2) The overall effect of regional green space (composite index 10.41) at the site scale was significantly higher than that of comprehensive parks (6.42) and specialized parks (5.87), respectively. (3) The eco-health effect increased with the complexity of the community structure, ranking as: tree–shrub–herb > tree-only > tree–herb > herb-only, highlighting the prominent contribution of the tree layer. Plant diversity showed a positive but non-significant trend. In conclusion, this multi-scale comparative study clarifies the differential impacts of green space types and community structures on the eco-health effect. It is recommended that urban planning prioritizes the layout of regional green spaces and adopts the tree–shrub–herb multi-layered structure as the dominant configuration in design in order to enhance the eco-health effect.

Mixed bamboo-tree forests represent a promising silvicultural approach to reconcile productivity with soil sustainability in bamboo plantations, yet the mechanisms linking species mixing to nutrient cycling and ecosystem stability remain insufficiently synthesized. This review systematically compares bamboo–broadleaf (BB) and bamboo–conifer (BC) mixtures against monocultures, focusing on litterfall dynamics, soil biogeochemistry, microbial functions, and stability attributes. We find that BB mixtures consistently accelerate decomposition through litter quality complementarity (decomposition rate constant k = 0.68 vs 0.58 for BC) and enhance soil nutrient pools, with soil organic carbon accumulation peaking at 45%~65% mixing ratios. Conversely, BC mixtures, while exhibiting faster nutrient turnover (12.23 vs 31.89 years for monocultures), may pose greater risks to deep-soil carbon and nitrogen stability due to microbial nitrogen mining induced by recalcitrant coniferous litter. Both mixture types improve stand resistance to pests and extreme climatic events, but BB mixtures show superior post-disturbance resilience and long-term productivity maintenance. These context-dependent effects underscore that optimal mixing ratios and species combinations need to be tailored to specific management objectives and site conditions. We conclude by prioritizing long-term factorial experiments, deep-soil carbon monitoring, and functional microbial validation as essential frontiers for advancing the sustainable management of bamboo-tree mixed forests.