Background: Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington’s disease (HD) are set apart by progressive neuronal loss and concomitant functional decline. Traditional therapies are equipped with only symptomatic relief, devoid of neurorestorative properties. Stem-cell-based therapies have the potential to revolutionize neurological care by replenishing lost cells, mitigating inflammation, and fostering a neuroprotective environment. Objectives: This narrative review aims to appraise the treatment potential of various stem cell types in managing NDs, highlighting their functional pathways, delivery methods, and current experimental validation. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was carried out based on data retrieved from PubMed, The Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Thirty-one studies that fulfill PICO criteria and only English-language publications are incorporated in this review. No part of the study design, data collection, analysis, or interpretation was conducted using artificial intelligence. Results: Stem cells, including embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), induced pluripotent stem cells, and neural stem cells, possess distinctive regenerative properties. MSC-derived exosomes can traverse the blood–brain barrier and improve nerve cell longevity. Administration routes such as intravenous, intranasal, and direct brain transplantation are being studied. Neurodegenerative conditions such as PD, AD, HD, and ALS have been widely studied for therapeutic benefits. Conclusion: Regardless of their potential, stem cell therapies raise health risks, including neoplastic growth and immunological incompatibility, alongside bioethical issues. Developments in genetic modification, nanotechnology, and preconditioning strategies are being analyzed to optimize outcomes. Long-term research, harmonization of protocols, and extended patient follow-up are essential for the safe and effective development of medical applications.

Objective: To synthesize recent advancements in metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC) treatment, evaluating their efficacy in improving neurological function, pain relief, survival, and quality of life. Background: MSCC is an oncologic emergency caused by the progression of cancer to the spine and is prevalent in approximately 3–5% of all cancer patients, with a relatively higher incidence of breast, prostate, and lung cancers. MSCC can lead to irreversible paralysis due to loss of vital sensory and motor functions, thus requiring an immediate diagnosis and treatment. Methods: A systematic PubMed search identified studies published over the past 5 years focusing on advancements in MSCC treatment. Applying the PICO criteria, 132 articles were retrieved, of which 38 met the inclusion criteria after rigorous screening. Result: Effective care of MSCC includes high-dose corticosteroids, surgery, and radiation therapy. Advancements such as robot-assisted and minimally invasive surgeries enhance surgical outcomes. Emerging technologies, including deep learning models for early detection and automated MRI analysis, improve diagnostic accuracy. Personalized medicine techniques, such as next-generation sequencing, enable the development of customized therapies tailored to individual tumor characteristics. Innovations such as bioengineered implants provide better imaging compatibility and reduce radiation scattering. Proton therapy delivers targeted radiation with minimal harm to adjacent tissues. Conclusion: Prompt, multimodal treatment is necessary, including corticosteroids, surgery, and radiation therapy to reduce symptoms and enhance patient outcomes. Despite advancements, challenges such as delayed diagnosis and limited access to specialized treatments persist. Precision medicine, artificial intelligence–based diagnostics, and easier access to clinical trials should be the main areas of future development. Preventing irreparable neurological impairments and improving patient quality of life requires a focus on palliative care and early intervention. Integrating innovative therapies with comprehensive supportive care in a patient-centered study is essential for enhancing neurological function, pain control, and overall quality of life.