In this contribution, new data concerning algae, bryophytes, fungi and lichens of the Italian flora are presented. It includes new records, confirmations or exclusions for the algal genera Chara , Hildenbrandia , Pleurotaenium , and Spirogyra , the bryophyte genera Braunia , Buxbaumia , Crossidium , Dicranum , Flexitrichum , Tortella and Ulota , the fungal genera Agaricus , Coltricia , Cortinarius , Gliophorus , Leucocoprinus , Leucotelium , Microbotryum , Phaeocalicium , Phragmidium , and Polycoccum , and the lichen genera Anisomeridium , Arthonia , Chaenotheca , Cladonia , Graphis , Leptochidium , Melanelia , Rinodina , Scoliciosporum , Synalissa , Toninia and Trapelia .

Understanding the factors that determine the success of lichen translocations is critical for effective conservation of lichen biodiversity. Both physiological acclimation and the genetic structure of source populations can influence conservation outcomes. This study examined seasonal variation in physiological parameters (specific thallus mass—STM, chlorophyll a fluorescence—F_V/F_M, and chlorophyll content) of Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. across one year, selecting three source populations along a latitudinal gradient in Mediterranean forests in Italy. Genetic structure of their mycobiont and photobiont were also characterized. STM differed significantly among populations and seasons, with consistent increases from March to September. In contrast, F_V/F_M remained relatively stable, while chlorophyll content showed the highest values in December. Genetic analyses revealed clear differentiation among populations for both symbionts. These results suggest that L. pulmonaria can acclimate physiologically to seasonal environmental changes and highlight the importance of considering local genetic structure when selecting source populations for translocation. Integrating physiological and genetic information provides a robust framework for improving conservation strategies for this species.

Epiphytic lichens are highly sensitive components of forest ecosystems, increasingly threatened by habitat disturbance and climate change. While habitat protection remains central to lichen conservation, translocation has emerged as a promising tool to address population decline, although its global effectiveness remains poorly evaluated. This scoping review, conducted under PRISMA-ScR guidelines, analyzes 30 taxa across 12 countries to evaluate current methodologies and outcomes. The reviewed literature is largely characterized by small-scale, method-oriented interventions, with a strong predominance of thallus fragment translocation over diaspore-based approaches. Success is most often evaluated through short-term survival and persistence of transplanted material, whereas indicators of long-term population self-maintenance and reproductive viability are rarely considered. Major limitations emerge from technical constraints, including early sample loss due to inadequate fixation, as well as from mismatches between donor requirements and recipient-site microhabitat conditions. Although high initial survival is frequently reported, evidence for long-term population stability, secondary colonization, and genetic resilience remains scarce. Overall, translocation may support short-term establishment under favorable environmental conditions, mainly at local scales, but its reliability as a long-term conservation strategy requires further validation. This review identifies a critical gap in long-term monitoring and highlights the need for research priorities that enhance the effectiveness, conceptual clarity, and technical precision of future translocation efforts to ensure the persistence of epiphytic lichen populations within changing forest landscapes.