Resource-based cities (RBCs) face serious environmental pollution, and there are efforts to try to overcome those challenges by transforming industrial structure through investing in new technologies. Based on the panel data of 114 prefecture-level resource-based cities in China, this paper uses the difference-in-differences (DID) method to identify the effects of the “Broadband China” pilot policy on the carbon emission efficiency of resource-based cities. The results show that the “Broadband China” pilot policy has a significant effect on the improvement of carbon emission efficiency of resource-based cities, and the results are still valid after parallel trend test, PSM-DID estimation and placebo test. This study also finds that there are differences in the carbon emission efficiency of different locations and types of resource-based cities. In addition, the results of the mechanism analysis show that the “Broadband China” pilot policy can promote the improvement of carbon emission efficiency by promoting the upgrading of the industrial structure, the accumulation of human capital and the improvement of the level of urban innovation of resource-based cities. The findings provide a reference for China’s resource-based cities to develop the Broadband infrastructure, realize industrial upgrading, accumulate human capital and improve urban innovation level, and promote low-carbon transformation and improve carbon emission efficiency.

This study aimed to measure the efficiency and change in efficiency over time of township hospitals among Chinese provinces, to decompose the difference in efficiency between districts, and to study the correlations between the difference in efficiency and its determinants. Based on Chinese provincial panel data, the empirical analysis was established using data envelopment analysis (DEA), Malmquist index, Theil index decomposition method and Grey correlation analysis method. First, it was found that the township hospitals in most provinces were operating in an inefficient state, and the township hospitals in most provinces achieved gains in efficiency. Second, from 2003 to 2016 the shrinkage of the difference in provincial efficiency of township hospitals progressed slowly. Intra-regional difference is the main cause of the overall provincial efficiency difference of Chinese township hospitals, while inter-regional difference is the minor cause of the overall difference. Third, the correlation between the difference of overall provincial efficiency and the difference of economic development level is the highest among all the correlations, while other determinants rank second to seventh place in their degree of correlation with respect to the overall difference in provincial efficiency. Furthermore, the correlations between the intra-regional difference of provincial efficiency of Chinese township hospitals and its determinants vary tremendously across regions. Based on our findings, we can conclude, first, that efforts should be made to improve the overall provincial difference in efficiency of Chinese township hospitals, and enhance the utilization level of input resources, and to reduce resource waste. Second, in order to shrink the overall provincial efficiency of Chinese township hospitals, the most important measure that should be taken is to improve the economic development level in relatively backward provinces in order to lay a solid economic foundation for the improvement of efficiency and shrink the differences in efficiency between provinces. Third, more attention should be paid to the shrinkage of intra-regional efficiency differences in Chinese township hospitals, while the narrowing of inter-regional efficiency difference should not be ignored. For each region, it is necessary to recognize the difference in the relative importance of determinants, and to make development strategies according to local conditions so as to make full use of local characteristics and advantages.

The objective of this paper is to analyze the provincial efficiency of the Chinese community health care service and its differences. This study allows us to predict the provincial differences in the efficiency of the Chinese community health care service from 2017 to 2026. This study analyzes the contributions of inter-regional and intra-regional differences in the total efficiency difference. We use the Super-SBM (Slacks-based Model) data envelopment analysis (DEA) model, Grey Model GM (1,1) for grey prediction, and the group-based Theil index decomposition method to study Chinese provincial panel data from 2008 to 2016. Results show that a fluctuating trend existed in the average provincial efficiency of community health services from 2008 to 2016. The community health services in a considerable number of provincial areas were inefficient. This study also reveals that there existed apparent inter-provincial differences in efficiency in Chinese community health services. The inter-provincial differences of the efficiency of Chinese community health services revealed by the Theil index declined at a relatively slow pace. With regard to the provincial efficiency difference of the Chinese community health service, the intra-regional efficiency difference is the most important structural reason for the overall efficiency difference, which explains the overall difference to a large extent. The inter-regional efficiency difference among the eastern, central, and western regions becomes the secondary structural reason, which should not be ignored. In conclusion, focus should be put on restructuring the investments into medical resources for community health service in each Chinese province. More attentions should be put into narrowing the inter-regional efficiency differences of the Chinese provincial community health service. The strategies targeted at reducing the inter-regional efficiency differences should not be ignored, so as to facilitate the improvement of overall efficiency of the Chinese community health service.

Based on statistical data of expenditure and input of community health service institution in China, this paper predicts the growth of expenditure of community health service institution, and analyzes the relationship between expenditure and input of community health service institution in China, using GM(1, 1) Grey prediction model and Grey correlation analysis method. The results include: (1) the expenditure in 2020 will be three times as much as the expenditure of community health service institution in 2014; (2) in the inputs of community health service institution, the correlation between the number of health technical personnel and expenditure has the highest rank; (3) the correlations between expenditure and input factors including area of health professional houses, number of managerial personnel, number of logistics workers, number of medical beds, number of medical equipments priced 10, 000 yuan and above, number of other technical personnel rank from two to seven. Based on the results, related conclusions could be drawn, including: (1) the input structure of medical personnel of community health service institution needs to be adjusted; (2) hardware inputs should be in line with the development requirement of community health service institution.