This study evaluates the effectiveness of reinforcement measures for a corrugated steel pipe arch bridge subjected to differential settlement induced by underground mining. Using a ten-span continuous corrugated steel pipe arch bridge in Shandong Province as the engineering background, a refined finite element model was developed based on 12 months of in situ settlement monitoring data. The mechanical performance of three reinforcement schemes–inner lining concrete, inner lining concrete with nested steel pipes, and laterally welded steel plates–was systematically compared. The results indicate that under differential settlement, the maximum stress of the unreinforced structure reaches 75.74 MPa, primarily concentrated at the arch foot. Reinforcement with an inner concrete lining significantly improves structural performance; in particular, the 200 mm-thick lining reduces the maximum steel pipe stress by 61.8%, achieves a maximum reduction of 22.1% in crown displacement and approximately 11.2% in sidewall displacement, and limits the circumferential displacement amplitude to 12–17 mm, representing a reduction of 11.7–15%. The nested steel pipe scheme delivers reinforcement effects comparable to the pure inner lining concrete scheme, with a maximum crown displacement reduction of approximately 17.3%, though its overall additional advantages remain limited. In contrast, the laterally welded steel plate scheme reduces the maximum structural stress by 28.3%. While it exhibits favorable control over local displacements, its overall reinforcement effectiveness is inferior to that of the inner lining concrete scheme. These findings provide a useful reference for the reinforcement design and engineering application of corrugated steel pipe arch bridges in mining-induced subsidence areas.

The frictional behavior and stability of skid shoe systems are critical to the safety and controllability of walking-type incremental launching for long-span steel truss bridges. Therefore, this study investigates friction control mechanisms and multilayer pad stability through two tests: (1) skid shoe tests to evaluate low-friction performance, sliding stiffness, and the stability of stacked pad assemblies, and (2) interface friction tests to examine the frictional behavior of different material combinations intended to provide high-friction restraint. The results show that Modified Graphene-Enhanced (MGE) plates, when combined with grease and stainless steel, reduce the friction coefficient to 0.017–0.074. High-stack pad assemblies (6–16 layers) exhibited a progressive interlayer slip, with cumulative displacements exceeding the allowable limit, leading to instability; anti-slip measures such as shear keys and segmented restraints were recommended. A load-dependent sliding stiffness relationship, y = 57.46 + 0.00886x, was established to characterize the variation in nominal sliding stiffness with vertical load. The findings provide experimental data and engineering recommendations for the design and operation of skid shoe systems in heavy-load incremental launching applications. The proposed criteria and regression model are applicable to the tested pad geometry, interface configuration, and loading conditions investigated in this study.