Tool vibration is a dynamic instability of cutting process, which is a result of interaction between metal-cutting process and dynamics of machined tool. In metal-cutting process, the presence of tool vibration is considered as the most influential parameter which leads to poor surface finish, excessive tool wear and cutting tool damage. In order to avoid tool vibration, several methods and techniques have been used by researchers in the past. Researchers have analysed schemes to control and suppress tool vibration in metal cutting. In this paper, some of the controlling techniques employed by researchers to avoid tool vibration in turning process were reviewed, compared and summarised. It was observed that vibration control was effective when active vibration suppression technique was employed in metal cutting. Also it was observed that the amplitude of tool vibration will be less during the initial stage of cutting and increases slowly as the tool wear progresses and further becomes very high when the tool is nearing the end of its life. Hence, a scope for developing a damper where the damping capability can be varied in-line with the amplitude of tool wear was established in this review.

Magnetorheological (MR) fluid damper which allows the damping characteristics of the damper to be continuously controlled by varying the magnetic field is extensively used in metal cutting to suppress tool vibration. Even though magnetorhelogical fluids have been successful in reducing tool vibration, durability of magnetorhelogical fluids remains a major challenge in engineering sector. Temperature effect on the performance of magnetorhelogical fluids over a prolonged period of time is a major concern. In this paper, an attempt was made to reduce temperature and to improve viscosity of magnetorhelogical fluids by infusing nanoparticles along with MR fluids. Aluminium oxide and titanium oxide nanoparticles of 0.1% and 0.2% concentration by weight were considered and experimental tests were conducted to study the influence of nanoparticles on the performance of magnetorheological fluid. From the experimental results it was observed that the presence of nanoparticles in MR fluid reduces temperature and increases the viscosity of MR fluid thereby increasing the cutting performance during turning of hardened AISI 4340 steel.