Introduction. Adolescent pregnancies significantly impact the welfare of young mothers, their infants, and the general population. These pregnancies represent a public healthcare concern associated with numerous consequences. Aim: To investigate the prevalence of adolescent pregnancies and their outcomes. Material and Methods. This retrospective descriptive study included adolescents who gave birth at the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2020. Data on anthropometric measurements, number and mode of deliveries, newborn birth weights, and complications were collected from medical records and statistically analyzed. Results. A total of 174 adolescents (aged 13-19) were included in the study. Most were first-time mothers living in common-law unions. Four spontaneous twin pregnancies were documented. No significant differences were found in the anthropometric measures between younger (<15 years old) and older (16-19 years old) adolescents. Pelvic measurements did not affect the mode of delivery. Younger adolescents and those with smaller pelvic measurements experienced longer hospitalizations. Vaginal delivery was the prominent mode of birth. Newborns delivered by caesarian section had significantly lower birth weights and lengths. While no significant complications during labor and delivery were observed, there was notable postpartum blood loss and higher rates of anemia in the puerperium. Conclusion. Although the number of adolescent pregnancies and births is declining, it still remains a significant concern. Welldeveloped perinatal care and the promotion of reproductive health within educational and health systems could not only further reduce pregnancy rates but also ensure optimal conditions for normal pregnancies and deliveries in adolescents.

Introduction. Group B Streptococcus remains one of the most significant pathogens responsible for infections during pregnancy, being closely associated with chorioamnionitis, intraamniotic infection, maternal sepsis, and neonatal morbidity. Similarly, Herpes Simplex Virus represents an important viral agent due to its potential to cause severe neonatal complications. The study aimed to assess postpartum women?s knowledge regarding infections caused by Streptococcus agalactiae and Herpes Simplex Virus, as well as to evaluate the scope and implementation of preventive measures during pregnancy and childbirth. Material and Methods. This unicentric study collected data from 204 postpartum women using a structured questionnaire and medical record review. Results. Group B Streptococcus was isolated from vaginal swabs of 5.6% of participants and from urine cultures in 6.3%. In 73.33% of Streptococcus-positive patients, appropriate intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis was not administered. Five women (2.45%) reported symptoms of genital herpes simplex infection during the current pregnancy, yet none underwent microbiological testing. A history of genital herpes was noted in 2.94% of participants, with only one receiving acyclovir prophylaxis to prevent symptomatic reactivation during delivery. Conclusion. The findings indicate a need to raise awareness among pregnant women regarding Streptococcus agalactiae and herpes simplex virus infections, and to establish a national protocol as current diagnostic and preventive practices do not align with international guidelines.

Introduction. Caesarean scar endometriosis is a rare form of abdominal wall endometriosis that develops following caesarean delivery as a result of ectopic implantation of endometrial tissue within the surgical scar. Patients typically present with cyclic pain and a palpable abdominal wall mass, although diagnosis may be challenging because it resembles other abdominal wall lesions. Case Report. A 31-year-old woman presented with painful nodules located within a previous Cohen laparotomy scar. Symptoms began approximately one year after caesarean delivery and were strongly associated with menstruation. Ultrasonography demonstrated multiple heterogeneous lesions within the scar. Surgical exploration revealed multifocal endometriosis involving the skin, subcutaneous tissue and fascia. Complete excision of all visible lesions was performed. Histopathological examination confirmed abdominal wall endometriosis by demonstrating endometrial glands and stroma associated with haemorrhage, haemosiderin-laden macrophages, and fibrosis. The postoperative course was uneventful, and satisfactory wound healing was observed at the two-week follow-up visit. Conclusion. This case illustrates an uncommon presentation of caesarean scar endometriosis characterised by multifocal disease and extensive abdominal wall involvement. Caesarean scar endometriosis should be considered in women with cyclic pain and a mass arising within a previous caesarean section scar. Early recognition and complete surgical excision remain essential for definitive diagnosis and effective treatment.

Introduction/Objective. Information provided as both visually and verbally is learned better than information received through either pathway alone. Animation ensures this dual coding. It gives us the possibility to display abstract details of operation that cannot be observed otherwise. This is especially important for an operation as common as cesarean section (CS). Although CS is the most common operation in women, animations of uterus suturing are very few. The aim was to develop a 3D-animation of uterus suturing in CS by Vejnovic modification. Methods. The project was done 2015?2018 as collaboration between the Faculty of Medicine and the Faculty of Technical Sciences at the University of Novi Sad. The development of the animation included following steps: filming simulation of uterus suturing on sponge model, interdisciplinary discussion, making storyboard, recording sound, animating using Blender software (Blender Online Community, Amsterdam, Netherlands). Results. The animation lasts for 10 minutes and 17 seconds. The film was designed to be self-explanatory. In the film uterus suturing technique was presented in detail. Important segments are additionally marked in the video and stressed in the background audio explanation. The educational 3D animation of uterus suturing in cesarean section ? modification Vejnovic is available from: https://youtu.be/zY98Mzyupx8. Conclusion. The animation shows advantages and benefits in surgery education, which might increase safety for the patient and the surgeon. The animation could help standardize the CS technique and disseminate precise surgical instructions, ensuring the same obstetrical outcomes.

Introduction. Urinary incontinence is a very common pelvic floor disorder defined as the “complaint of involuntary loss of urine”. Sexual dysfunction prevents a person from experiencing pleasure during sexual activities. The research aimed to analyse the frequency of urinary incontinence and sexual dysfunction in female subjects 6 to 18 months after the first delivery and the association with factors at delivery. Material and Methods. The research included 69 respondents. The inclusion criteria was one previous term birth within 6-18 months. A survey created with Google Forms was used to collect data. Results. Sexual dysfunction was reported by 21/69 (30%) respondents, and urinary incontinence by 8/69 (12%). Urinary incontinence was significantly more common among subjects with obstetric soft tissue lacerations (p<0.01). Negative emotional reactions during sexual intercourse were more frequent in respondents with a longer period since childbirth (p<0.001). Only 3/21 (14%) subjects with sexual dysfunction and 3/8 (38%) with urinary incontinence reported the problem to their doctor. The doctor asked 16/69 (23%) about the problem of urinary incontinence during a regular visit, and about sexual dysfunction in 15/69 (22%) of the respondents. Conclusion. Sexual dysfunction and urinary incontinence are common conditions after the first childbirth. Trauma of the birth canal during childbirth may contribute to urinary incontinence after delivery. Negative emotional reactions increase during the time that passes after childbirth. Patients and doctors rarely discuss sexual dysfunction and urinary incontinence.