In wireless sensor networks, optimizing the network lifetime is an important issue. Most of the existing works define network lifetime as the time when the first sensor node exhausts all of its energy. However, such time is not necessarily important. This is because when a sensor node dies, the whole network is likely to work properly. In this article, we first make an overall consideration of the demand of applications and define the network lifetime in three aspects. Then, we construct a performance evaluation framework for routing protocols. To achieve the optimization of network lifetime in all defined aspects, we propose a reinforcement-learning-based routing protocol. Reinforcement-learning-based routing protocol takes advantage of the intelligent algorithm of reinforcement learning to search for the optimal routing path for data transmission. In the definition of reward function, factors such as link distance, residual energy, and hop count to the sink are taken into account to cut down the total energy consumption, balance the energy consumption, and improve the packet delivery. Simulation results demonstrate that compared with energy-aware routing, BEER, Q-Routing, and MRL-SCSO, reinforcement-learning-based routing protocol optimizes the network lifetime in three aspects and improves the energy efficiency.

New quality productive forces are the fundamental driving force for the progress of human civilization. To deeply explore the relationship between new quality productive forces and agricultural modernization, data from 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2022 were selected to construct the index system of new quality productive forces and agricultural modernization, carry out scientific measurement, and conduct empirical analysis using the fixed effect model. The results show that new quality productivity can significantly promote agricultural modernization. The new quality productive force has a significant effect on the modernization of agriculture in the eastern, middle, and western regions of China, but the effect is more prominent in the middle and western areas. New productive forces are significantly and positively associated with agricultural modernization in both main grain-producing and non-main grain-producing areas, but the effect is greater in main grain-producing areas. The upgrading of the agricultural industrial structure plays a mediating effect between new productive forces and agricultural modernization. There is a single-threshold effect of the new productive forces empowering agricultural modernization. Accordingly, to better utilize new productive forces to empower agricultural modernization, we should fully activate the talent engine and cultivate modern “new farmers”; strive to build efficient agriculture by taking scientific and technological innovation as the driving force; and promote the sustainable development of agriculture by taking agricultural green production as the orientation.