This study presents an integrated design methodology for earthquake demolition rescue robots by combining UXMs, Kano, and QFD to improve design rationality and performance in extreme rescue scenarios. It addresses key gaps in existing approaches, particularly the lack of systematic experiential data acquisition, quantitative requirement analysis, and effective design translation. UXMs are applied to reconstruct critical task scenarios and identify high-load nodes and user experience variations. The Kano model is used to prioritise and classify user requirements, which are then translated into engineering characteristics through QFD. Based on this framework, a conceptual robot design is developed using the FBS model and evaluated through process-level simulation and usability assessment. The results demonstrate that the proposed method enables structured requirement transformation and supports traceable design decisions. Simulation indicates the consistency of task workflows and coordination among functional modules at the process level. A System Usability Scale score of 80.22 indicates a relatively high level of perceived usability at the conceptual evaluation stage. The proposed methodology provides a structured and traceable conceptual design framework for earthquake rescue robots. While the current validation is based on conceptual-level evaluation, the methodology offers a traceable design pathway that may be extended to other high-risk emergency equipment with further empirical testing.