Giant cell tumor of soft tissue is a rare benign tumor of low malignant potential. It counterparts soft tissue bone tumor. Majority of cases are in extremities and to a lesser extent in other regions but rarely in head and neck. Here we report for the first time giant cell tumor of soft tissue in the ear. A 28 years old female presented with painless right ear mass slowly progressing over 2 months associated with discharge for 2 weeks. The condition was initially diagnosed as chronic otitis media. CT scan and Excisional biopsy was done. Microscopically, examination revealed multiple tumor nodules that diffusely infiltrate the soft tissue and covered partially by unremarkable epithelium. The nodules are composed of bland mononuclear cells, short spindle cells and osteoclast giant cells. The mononuclear and giant cells lack striking atypia. However; the mononuclear cells exhibit brisk mitotic activity. The tumor was completely excised and follow up was scheduled after 1 year

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody- (ANCA-) associated vasculitis (AAV) is a multisystem autoimmune disease affecting mainly microscopic blood vessels due to circulating autoantibodies against neutrophil cytoplasmic antigens. We report a case of a 57-year-old female patient presenting with hemoptysis, sinusitis, and conjunctivitis. Based on lung biopsy, the diagnosis of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody- (ANCA-) associated vasculitis (AAV) was established. She was put on rituximab as induction and maintenance therapy. She responded initially to rituximab as induction therapy but failed to respond in the maintenance course of the drug. Rituximab was stopped and mycophenolate mofetil was administered. She responded as laboratory c-ANCA titers turned negative and symptoms subsided. There are no randomized clinical trials addressing rituximab effect in induction and remission at the same time. This case report doubts the efficacy of the use of rituximab therapy for both induction and maintenance of remission at the same time, waiting for the results of the ongoing trials.

Background: Adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preeclampsia (PE), preterm birth, low birth weight (LBW), small for gestational age (SGA), and stillbirth are major contributors to maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Elevated maternal homocysteine (Hcy) levels, influenced by genetic, dietary, and lifestyle factors, have been increasingly associated with placental dysfunction and adverse pregnancy outcomes. This review aims to evaluate the link between hyperhomocysteinemia and pregnancy complications to inform clinical practice. Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Library was conducted up to December 2024. Observational studies assessing maternal Hcy levels in relation to pregnancy complications were included. Heterogeneity was measured using the I² statistic, and a random-effects model using the DerSimonian–Laird method was applied to account for study variability. Effect sizes were reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Thirteen studies were included in this meta-analysis. Elevated maternal Hcy was significantly associated with: PE (OR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.41–4.40; I² = 96.03%; n = 9), preterm birth (OR: 4.01; 95% CI: 1.84–8.72; I² = 91.08%; n = 6), fetal loss (OR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.22–2.52; I² = 41.47%; n = 6), SGA (OR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.35–2.11; I² = 0.00%; n = 3), and LBW (OR: 2.46; 95% CI: 1.37–4.43; I² = 77.71%; n = 3). Conclusions: This review highlights a significant association between elevated maternal Hcy levels and various pregnancy complications. However, given the substantial heterogeneity and reliance on observational evidence, these findings should be interpreted with caution. Future well-designed prospective cohort studies with standardized definitions of hyperhomocysteinemia, consistent timing of exposure assessment across pregnancy trimesters, and adjustment for key confounders are needed to better clarify these associations and underlying mechanisms.