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Local and remote photonic millimeter wave (mmW) signal generation schemes are theoretically and experimentally evaluated in order to compare both approaches for practical deployment in a cloud-radio access network (C-RAN) fronthaul network. The paper presents a full comprehensive formulation of the frequency response of a system based on a directly modulated laser transmitting data over 40 GHz signal generated by external carrier suppressed modulation and optical frequency multiplication. Theoretical and experimental characterization of the system response at baseband and mmW band for local and remote generation setups show very good agreement. The remote configuration leads to higher electrical output power (i.e. 15 dB higherin 25 km fiber links) due to the combined effect of chirp and fiber dispersion than the local generation setup in the mmW band, although intermodulation distortion is higher in the former case. Transmission experiments using quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) signal with 250 MHz bandwidth centered at 0.5 GHz over 10 and 25 km fiber links also confirm the superior performance of the remote setup, whereas the local setup leads to similar results to optical back-to-back (OB2B) measurements, which is also validated with data signal centered at different frequencies within the laser bandwidth frequency range. Finally, experimental results show the quality of the recovered signals in terms of error vector magnitude (EVM) as a function of the received electrical power and demonstrate that no further penalties are introduced by photonic mmW signal generation with respect to electrical back-to-back (EB2B) levels.
Luis Vallejo; Jose Mora; Dong-Nhat Nguyen; Jan Bohata; Vicenc Almenar; Stanislav Zvanovec; Beatriz Ortega. On the 40 GHz Remote versus Local Photonic Generation for DML-based C-RAN Optical Fronthaul. Journal of Lightwave Technology 2021, PP, 1 -1.
AMA StyleLuis Vallejo, Jose Mora, Dong-Nhat Nguyen, Jan Bohata, Vicenc Almenar, Stanislav Zvanovec, Beatriz Ortega. On the 40 GHz Remote versus Local Photonic Generation for DML-based C-RAN Optical Fronthaul. Journal of Lightwave Technology. 2021; PP (99):1-1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuis Vallejo; Jose Mora; Dong-Nhat Nguyen; Jan Bohata; Vicenc Almenar; Stanislav Zvanovec; Beatriz Ortega. 2021. "On the 40 GHz Remote versus Local Photonic Generation for DML-based C-RAN Optical Fronthaul." Journal of Lightwave Technology PP, no. 99: 1-1.
A novel Flip-filter bank multicarrier (Flip-FBMC)-based transmultiplexer (TMUX) with offset quadrature amplitude modulation is proposed to enhance the transmission performance compared to a conventional Flip-OFDM system. Moreover, the possibility to reduce the TMUX response (latency) and increase spectral efficiency is investigated for the first time through a tail shortening method. The proposed design is based on a biorthogonal form for visible light communication (VLC) to increase the flexibility of design requirements. However, spectral efficiency suffers from the ramp-up and the ramp-down at the beginning and end, respectively, of a data burst. Hence, as a penalty, Flip-FBMC imposes 9 more symbols than a Flip-OFDM packet and two factors compared to a DCO-FBMC burst. Hard truncation of the lowest energy tail minimizes latency and limits the system penalty to 2.5 symbols, which is lower than that of DCO-FBCM by 2 symbols. The results show that the prototype filter of the Heisenberg factor (
Mohammed S. Bahaaelden; Beatriz Ortega; Rafael Perez-Jimenez; Markku Renfors. Efficiency Analysis of a Truncated Flip-FBMC in Burst Optical Transmission. IEEE Access 2021, 9, 100558 -100569.
AMA StyleMohammed S. Bahaaelden, Beatriz Ortega, Rafael Perez-Jimenez, Markku Renfors. Efficiency Analysis of a Truncated Flip-FBMC in Burst Optical Transmission. IEEE Access. 2021; 9 ():100558-100569.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammed S. Bahaaelden; Beatriz Ortega; Rafael Perez-Jimenez; Markku Renfors. 2021. "Efficiency Analysis of a Truncated Flip-FBMC in Burst Optical Transmission." IEEE Access 9, no. : 100558-100569.
A hybrid fiber/wireless link based on a single visible LED and free of opto-electronic intermediate conversion stages has been demonstrated for indoor communications. This paper shows the main guidelines for proper coupling in fiber/air/detector interfaces. Experimental demonstration has validated the design results with very good agreement between geometrical optics simulation and received optical power measurements. Different signal bandwidths and modulation formats, i.e., QPSK, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM, have been transmitted over 1.5 m polymer optical fiber (POF) and 1.5 m free-space optics (FSO). Throughputs up to 294 Mb/s using a 64-QAM signal have been demonstrated using a commercial LED, which paves the way for massive deployment in industrial applications.
Juan Apolo; Beatriz Ortega; Vicenç Almenar. Hybrid POF/VLC Links Based on a Single LED for Indoor Communications. Photonics 2021, 8, 254 .
AMA StyleJuan Apolo, Beatriz Ortega, Vicenç Almenar. Hybrid POF/VLC Links Based on a Single LED for Indoor Communications. Photonics. 2021; 8 (7):254.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Apolo; Beatriz Ortega; Vicenç Almenar. 2021. "Hybrid POF/VLC Links Based on a Single LED for Indoor Communications." Photonics 8, no. 7: 254.
In this paper, we numerically and experimentally present the bandwidth constraints of a cost-effective 5G mobile fronthaul based on a directly-modulated laser for data modulation and a Mach-Zehnder modulator-based optical double sideband with carrier suppression scheme for optical millimeter wave (mmW) signal generation. The effect of chirp, fiber dispersion and a combination of both on different bandwidth M-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (M-QAM) signals, i.e. M = 4, 16 and 64, at 40 GHz has also been investigated. Simulation results are first carried out to evaluate the impact of higher chirp of the directly-modulated laser on the link performance as a function of modulation format and signal bandwidth. We then experimentally demonstrate the same scheme transmitting M-QAM signals with bandwidths ranging from 50 to 1000 MHz over a 10 km long single mode fiber. Both experimental and simulation results show that larger signal bandwidths lead to higher optical power penalties due to the combined effect with the error vector magnitudes (EVMs), however still satisfying the required limits of 3GPP standard for all QAM signals. Experimental measurements also show the feasibility of including free space optics links in the optical distribution network with no further significant penalties. Finally, a multiband signal (three-band) transmission is demonstrated leading to an increase of the total bitrate with the measured EVMs are well below the EVM requirement.
Luis Vallejo; Beatriz Ortega; Dong-Nhat Nguyen; Jan Bohata; Vicene Almenar; Stanislav Zvanovec. Usability of a 5G Fronthaul Based on a DML and External Modulation for M-QAM Transmission Over Photonically Generated 40 GHz. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 223730 -223742.
AMA StyleLuis Vallejo, Beatriz Ortega, Dong-Nhat Nguyen, Jan Bohata, Vicene Almenar, Stanislav Zvanovec. Usability of a 5G Fronthaul Based on a DML and External Modulation for M-QAM Transmission Over Photonically Generated 40 GHz. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):223730-223742.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuis Vallejo; Beatriz Ortega; Dong-Nhat Nguyen; Jan Bohata; Vicene Almenar; Stanislav Zvanovec. 2020. "Usability of a 5G Fronthaul Based on a DML and External Modulation for M-QAM Transmission Over Photonically Generated 40 GHz." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 223730-223742.
This paper reports the first microstructured solid-core fiber drawn from a 3D-printed preform and the first fiber Bragg gratings inscribed in a fiber of this type. The presented fiber is made of polycarbonate and displays single-mode behavior. The fiber attenuation was the lowest reported so far for a POF drawn from a 3D-printed preform across a broad range of wavelengths. In addition, extensive fiber characterization results are presented and discussed including: fiber attenuation, mode simulations, dynamic thermomechanical analysis and thermo-optic coefficient. Fiber Bragg gratings are successfully inscribed in the produced fiber using three different lasers: a continuous wave helium-cadmium laser, a pulsed femtosecond frequency doubled ytterbium laser and ultra-violet nanosecond krypton fluoride laser. Mechanical testing of the fiber showed that the 3D printing approach did not introduce any unexpected or undesirable characteristics.
Michal G. Zubel; Andrea Fasano; Getinet Taffesse Woyessa; Rui Min; Arnaldo Gomes Leal-Junior; Antreas Theodosiou; Carlos A. F. Marques; Henrik K. Rasmussen; Ole Bang; Beatriz Ortega; Kyriacos Kalli; Anselmo Frizera-Neto; Maria Jose Pontes; Kate Sugden. Bragg Gratings Inscribed in Solid-Core Microstructured Single-Mode Polymer Optical Fiber Drawn From a 3D-Printed Polycarbonate Preform. IEEE Sensors Journal 2020, 20, 12744 -12757.
AMA StyleMichal G. Zubel, Andrea Fasano, Getinet Taffesse Woyessa, Rui Min, Arnaldo Gomes Leal-Junior, Antreas Theodosiou, Carlos A. F. Marques, Henrik K. Rasmussen, Ole Bang, Beatriz Ortega, Kyriacos Kalli, Anselmo Frizera-Neto, Maria Jose Pontes, Kate Sugden. Bragg Gratings Inscribed in Solid-Core Microstructured Single-Mode Polymer Optical Fiber Drawn From a 3D-Printed Polycarbonate Preform. IEEE Sensors Journal. 2020; 20 (21):12744-12757.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichal G. Zubel; Andrea Fasano; Getinet Taffesse Woyessa; Rui Min; Arnaldo Gomes Leal-Junior; Antreas Theodosiou; Carlos A. F. Marques; Henrik K. Rasmussen; Ole Bang; Beatriz Ortega; Kyriacos Kalli; Anselmo Frizera-Neto; Maria Jose Pontes; Kate Sugden. 2020. "Bragg Gratings Inscribed in Solid-Core Microstructured Single-Mode Polymer Optical Fiber Drawn From a 3D-Printed Polycarbonate Preform." IEEE Sensors Journal 20, no. 21: 12744-12757.
Microwave photonics provides attractive solutions for millimeter wave (mmW) signal generation. In this paper, we demonstrate photonically generated multiple mmW signals transmission over a wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) hybrid optical network based on optical fiber and free-space optics (FSO) links. The experimental results demonstrate the generation and reconfigurable signal distribution from a central office to base stations in the frequency range 14-40GHz with phase noise levels below -87dBc/Hz. Moreover, 10Gb/s data transmission has been demonstrated over photonically generated 40GHz mmW signal. We show that FSO technology provides a possible solution for mmW fronthaul in 5th generation networks to extend the optical access network providing increased wireless accessibility and maintaining transmission capacity.
Luis Vallejo; Beatriz Ortega; Jan Bohata; Stanislav Zvanovec; Vicenç Almenar. Photonic multiple millimeter wave signal generation and distribution over reconfigurable hybrid SSMF/FSO links. Optical Fiber Technology 2020, 54, 102085 .
AMA StyleLuis Vallejo, Beatriz Ortega, Jan Bohata, Stanislav Zvanovec, Vicenç Almenar. Photonic multiple millimeter wave signal generation and distribution over reconfigurable hybrid SSMF/FSO links. Optical Fiber Technology. 2020; 54 ():102085.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuis Vallejo; Beatriz Ortega; Jan Bohata; Stanislav Zvanovec; Vicenç Almenar. 2020. "Photonic multiple millimeter wave signal generation and distribution over reconfigurable hybrid SSMF/FSO links." Optical Fiber Technology 54, no. : 102085.
We present the first Bragg gratings fabricated in two, three and five rings undoped PMMA microstructured polymer optical fibres (mPOFs) with relative low cost 266 nm Nd:YAG laser in the 850 nm region. The fibers were connectorised with commercial ferrules for easy coupling with silica patch cables. Temperature, humidity and strain sensitivities are measured and also the impact of ring structure and the diameter of POF on the characterization measurements are studied for potential applications. We also analyzed the effect of the number of hexagonal rings structure in gratings fabrication, noticing that larger number of rings lead to more difficulties to obtain strong gratings, where we consider this performance due to the scattering effects. We demonstrate Bragg gratings fabrication in 5-rings structure mPOF after 6 min by using 266 nm Nd:YAG laser whereas no Bragg gratings have been fabricated so far using 325 nm He-Cd laser system. Up to 30 dB relative reflected power gratings are obtained in two rings mPOF, showing good time stability and promising results for undoped mPOF applications.
Rui Min; Luis Pereira; Tiago Paixão; Getinet Woyessa; Paulo André; Ole Bang; Paulo Antunes; João Pinto; Zhaohui Li; Beatriz Ortega; Carlos Marques. Inscription of Bragg gratings in undoped PMMA mPOF with Nd:YAG laser at 266 nm wavelength. Optics Express 2019, 27, 38039 -38048.
AMA StyleRui Min, Luis Pereira, Tiago Paixão, Getinet Woyessa, Paulo André, Ole Bang, Paulo Antunes, João Pinto, Zhaohui Li, Beatriz Ortega, Carlos Marques. Inscription of Bragg gratings in undoped PMMA mPOF with Nd:YAG laser at 266 nm wavelength. Optics Express. 2019; 27 (26):38039-38048.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRui Min; Luis Pereira; Tiago Paixão; Getinet Woyessa; Paulo André; Ole Bang; Paulo Antunes; João Pinto; Zhaohui Li; Beatriz Ortega; Carlos Marques. 2019. "Inscription of Bragg gratings in undoped PMMA mPOF with Nd:YAG laser at 266 nm wavelength." Optics Express 27, no. 26: 38039-38048.
Two experimental configurations of a hybrid K-band (25 GHz) microwave photonic link (MPL) are investigated for seamless broadband wireless access networks. Experimental configurations consist of optical fiber, free-space optics (FSO) and radio frequency (RF) wireless channels. We analyze in detail the effects of channel impairments, namely fiber chromatic dispersion, atmospheric turbulence and multipath-induced fading on the transmission performance. In the first configuration, transmission of the 64-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signal with 5, 20 and 50 MHz bandwidths over 5 km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF), 2 m turbulent FSO and 3 m RF wireless channels is investigated. We show that, for QAM with a high bandwidth, the link performance is being affected more by atmospheric turbulence. In the second configuration, the 20 MHz 4/16/64-QAM signals over a 50 km SSMF and 40 m FSO/RF wireless links are successfully transmitted with the measured error vector magnitude (EVM) values of 12, 9 and 7.9%, respectively. It is shown that, for all transmitted microwave vector signals, the bit error rate is lower than the hard-decision forward-error-correction limit of 3.8×10-3. Moreover, an extended FSO link span of 500 m for 25 GHz hybrid MPL with 16-QAM at 10 Gb/s under the weak and strong turbulence regimes is evaluated via simulation analysis to mimic a practical outdoor system.
Dong-Nhat Nguyen; Jan Bohata; Jan Spacil; Daniel Dousek; Matej Komanec; Stanislav Zvanovec; Zabih Ghassemlooy; Beatriz Ortega. M-QAM transmission over hybrid microwave photonic links at the K-band. Optics Express 2019, 27, 33745 -33756.
AMA StyleDong-Nhat Nguyen, Jan Bohata, Jan Spacil, Daniel Dousek, Matej Komanec, Stanislav Zvanovec, Zabih Ghassemlooy, Beatriz Ortega. M-QAM transmission over hybrid microwave photonic links at the K-band. Optics Express. 2019; 27 (23):33745-33756.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDong-Nhat Nguyen; Jan Bohata; Jan Spacil; Daniel Dousek; Matej Komanec; Stanislav Zvanovec; Zabih Ghassemlooy; Beatriz Ortega. 2019. "M-QAM transmission over hybrid microwave photonic links at the K-band." Optics Express 27, no. 23: 33745-33756.
We propose and experimentally demonstrate a photonics-assisted converged radio-over-fiber (RoF), radio-over-free-space optics (RoFSO) and millimeter-wave (MMW) wireless transmission system for use in broadband wireless access (BWA) networks. The focus is at the emerging frequency band of 25 GHz, as recommended for fifth-generation networks. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, all-optical up-converted long-term evolution test models with 4-, 16- and 64-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) are transmitted and evaluated over the proposed hybrid link under weak-to-strong atmospheric turbulence regimes. Link performance shows that, the error vector magnitudes are below the 3GPP standard for 4-, 16- and 64-QAM. We also show that, for all QAM signals under turbulence conditions, the bit error rate performance is below the forward error correction limit of $10^{-3}$ . Simulation analysis is also performed for the 10 Gb/s hybrid systems under turbulence for an extended FSO link up to 500 m to emulate a practical outdoor environment. Furthermore, we analytically estimate the attainable MMW wireless range for different rain rates in Prague, Czech Republic. The obtained experimental and simulation results confirm the feasibility and potential of the proposed hybrid system for next-generation last mile BWA networks.
Dong-Nhat Nguyen; Jan Bohata; Matej Komanec; Stanislav Zvanovec; Beatriz Ortega; Zabih Ghassemlooy. Seamless 25 GHz Transmission of LTE 4/16/64-QAM Signals Over Hybrid SMF/FSO and Wireless Link. Journal of Lightwave Technology 2019, 37, 6040 -6047.
AMA StyleDong-Nhat Nguyen, Jan Bohata, Matej Komanec, Stanislav Zvanovec, Beatriz Ortega, Zabih Ghassemlooy. Seamless 25 GHz Transmission of LTE 4/16/64-QAM Signals Over Hybrid SMF/FSO and Wireless Link. Journal of Lightwave Technology. 2019; 37 (24):6040-6047.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDong-Nhat Nguyen; Jan Bohata; Matej Komanec; Stanislav Zvanovec; Beatriz Ortega; Zabih Ghassemlooy. 2019. "Seamless 25 GHz Transmission of LTE 4/16/64-QAM Signals Over Hybrid SMF/FSO and Wireless Link." Journal of Lightwave Technology 37, no. 24: 6040-6047.
We experimentally demonstrate photonic millimetre wave signal generation and distribution over hybrid networks based on wired and wireless links. Optical frequency multiplication based on carrier-suppressed modulation has been employed for generating millimetre wave signals in the 40 – 90 GHz frequency range and 10 Gb/s 32-QAM signals have been successfully transmitted over fiber/FSO networks showing the potentiality of such architectures for future 5G networks deployment in terms of flexibility and coverage.
Luis Vallejo; Beatriz Ortega; Jan Bohata; Stanislav Zvanovec; Vicenc Almenar. Experimental Photonic 40 – 90 GHz Millimetre-Wave Signal Generation and 10 Gb/s 32-QAM Signal Transmission over Hybrid Fiber/FSO 5G Networks. 2019 21st International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) 2019, 1 -4.
AMA StyleLuis Vallejo, Beatriz Ortega, Jan Bohata, Stanislav Zvanovec, Vicenc Almenar. Experimental Photonic 40 – 90 GHz Millimetre-Wave Signal Generation and 10 Gb/s 32-QAM Signal Transmission over Hybrid Fiber/FSO 5G Networks. 2019 21st International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON). 2019; ():1-4.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuis Vallejo; Beatriz Ortega; Jan Bohata; Stanislav Zvanovec; Vicenc Almenar. 2019. "Experimental Photonic 40 – 90 GHz Millimetre-Wave Signal Generation and 10 Gb/s 32-QAM Signal Transmission over Hybrid Fiber/FSO 5G Networks." 2019 21st International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) , no. : 1-4.
Grating devices in polymer optical fibers (POFs) have attracted huge interest for many potential applications in recent years. This paper presents the state of the art regarding the fabrication of different types of POF gratings, such as uniform, phase-shifted, tilted, chirped, and long period gratings, and explores potential application scenarios, such as biosensing and optical communications.
Rui Min; Beatriz Ortega; Carlos Marques. Latest Achievements in Polymer Optical Fiber Gratings: Fabrication and Applications. Photonics 2019, 6, 36 .
AMA StyleRui Min, Beatriz Ortega, Carlos Marques. Latest Achievements in Polymer Optical Fiber Gratings: Fabrication and Applications. Photonics. 2019; 6 (2):36.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRui Min; Beatriz Ortega; Carlos Marques. 2019. "Latest Achievements in Polymer Optical Fiber Gratings: Fabrication and Applications." Photonics 6, no. 2: 36.
We obtained chirped gratings by performing hot water gradient thermal annealing of uniform poly (methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) microstructured polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings (POFBGs). The proposed method’s simplicity is one of its main advantages because no special phase mask or additional etching are needed. It not only enables easy control tuning of the central wavelength and chirp characteristics, but it also leads to obtain flexible grating response, compared with tapered chirped POFBGs. Therefore, a flexible and low-cost chirped POFBG devices fabrication technique has been presented by using a single uniform phase mask.
Rui Min; Beatriz Ortega; Christian Broadway; Christophe Caucheteur; Getinet Woyessa; Ole Bang; Paulo Antunes; Carlos Marques. Hot water-assisted fabrication of chirped polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings. Optics Express 2018, 26, 34655 -34664.
AMA StyleRui Min, Beatriz Ortega, Christian Broadway, Christophe Caucheteur, Getinet Woyessa, Ole Bang, Paulo Antunes, Carlos Marques. Hot water-assisted fabrication of chirped polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings. Optics Express. 2018; 26 (26):34655-34664.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRui Min; Beatriz Ortega; Christian Broadway; Christophe Caucheteur; Getinet Woyessa; Ole Bang; Paulo Antunes; Carlos Marques. 2018. "Hot water-assisted fabrication of chirped polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings." Optics Express 26, no. 26: 34655-34664.
We demonstrate a largely tunable dispersion fiber Bragg grating (FBG) inscribed in a microstructured polymer optical fiber (mPOF). The bandwidth of the chirped FBG (CFBG) was achieved from 0.11 to 4.86 nm, which corresponds to a tunable dispersion range from 513.6 to 11.15 ps/nm. Furthermore, thermal sensitivity is used to compensate for the wavelength shift due to the applied strain. These results demonstrate that a CFBG in a POF is a promising technology for future optical systems.
Rui Min; Sanzhar Korganbayev; Carlo Molardi; Christian Broadway; Xuehao Hu; Christophe Caucheteur; Ole Bang; Paulo Antunes; Daniele Tosi; Carlos Marques; Beatriz Ortega. Largely tunable dispersion chirped polymer FBG. Optics Letters 2018, 43, 5106 -5109.
AMA StyleRui Min, Sanzhar Korganbayev, Carlo Molardi, Christian Broadway, Xuehao Hu, Christophe Caucheteur, Ole Bang, Paulo Antunes, Daniele Tosi, Carlos Marques, Beatriz Ortega. Largely tunable dispersion chirped polymer FBG. Optics Letters. 2018; 43 (20):5106-5109.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRui Min; Sanzhar Korganbayev; Carlo Molardi; Christian Broadway; Xuehao Hu; Christophe Caucheteur; Ole Bang; Paulo Antunes; Daniele Tosi; Carlos Marques; Beatriz Ortega. 2018. "Largely tunable dispersion chirped polymer FBG." Optics Letters 43, no. 20: 5106-5109.
This paper presents the architecture of a green and flexible WDM-PON access network. We propose the segmentation of a broadband source into smaller frequency windows by means of a wave shaper filter. A central controller commands the configuration of physical network parameters such as the optical bandwidth delivered by the filter and the modulation format of the service to be transported in the network. Different optical bandwidths were defined for the experimental demonstration and two modulation formats were evaluated in our approach. Results found an effective bandwidth of 3 GHz for optical bandwidths below 1 nm. Broader optical pass bands reduce the bandwidth but improve the signal quality measured in the receiver due to a relative higher average optical power available in the photo detector.
Luis Albarracín; Imene Sekkiou; Beatriz Ortega; Francisco Chicharro; José Mora; Gustavo Puerto. Software Assisted Energy Efficient and Flexible WDM-PON Access Networks. Communications in Computer and Information Science 2018, 588 -595.
AMA StyleLuis Albarracín, Imene Sekkiou, Beatriz Ortega, Francisco Chicharro, José Mora, Gustavo Puerto. Software Assisted Energy Efficient and Flexible WDM-PON Access Networks. Communications in Computer and Information Science. 2018; ():588-595.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuis Albarracín; Imene Sekkiou; Beatriz Ortega; Francisco Chicharro; José Mora; Gustavo Puerto. 2018. "Software Assisted Energy Efficient and Flexible WDM-PON Access Networks." Communications in Computer and Information Science , no. : 588-595.
We demonstrate a chirped microstructured polymer fiber Bragg grating based on taper technology for strain sensing application. The effective bandwidth of the grating is dependent on strain and remains practically constant with respect to temperature and humidity changes. We report a sensitivity of 0.90 pm/µε for the central wavelength under stable temperature and humidity values. The 3-dB bandwidth of the grating has been measured under different temperature and humidity conditions.
Rui Min; Beatriz Ortega; Christian Broadway; Xuehao Hu; Christophe Caucheteur; Ole Bang; Paulo Antunes; Carlos Marques. Microstructured PMMA POF chirped Bragg gratings for strain sensing. Optical Fiber Technology 2018, 45, 330 -335.
AMA StyleRui Min, Beatriz Ortega, Christian Broadway, Xuehao Hu, Christophe Caucheteur, Ole Bang, Paulo Antunes, Carlos Marques. Microstructured PMMA POF chirped Bragg gratings for strain sensing. Optical Fiber Technology. 2018; 45 ():330-335.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRui Min; Beatriz Ortega; Christian Broadway; Xuehao Hu; Christophe Caucheteur; Ole Bang; Paulo Antunes; Carlos Marques. 2018. "Microstructured PMMA POF chirped Bragg gratings for strain sensing." Optical Fiber Technology 45, no. : 330-335.
In this paper, a linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) inscribed in a microstructured polymer optical fiber (mPOF) has been demonstrated for detecting temperature profiles during thermal treatments. A CFBG of 10-mm length and 0.98-nm bandwidth has been inscribed in an mPOF fiber by means of a KrF laser and uniform phase mask. The CFBG has a high temperature sensitivity of -191.4 pm/°C. The CFBG has been used as a semi-distributed temperature sensor, capable of detecting the temperature profile along the grating length, for scenarios that account minimally invasive biomedical treatments. Two experiments have been designed to validate the CFBG temperature reconstruction, using a linear gradient, and a research-grade radiofrequency ablation setup to apply Gaussian-shaped temperature spatial profiles. The result is that the higher sensitivity of the CFBG supports the detection of spatially nonuniform temperature fields by means of spectral reconstruction.
Sanzhar Korganbayev; Rui Min; Madina Jelbuldina; Xuehao Hu; Christophe Caucheteur; Ole Bang; Beatriz Ortega; Carlos Marques; Daniele Tosi; Min Rui. Thermal Profile Detection Through High-Sensitivity Fiber Optic Chirped Bragg Grating on Microstructured PMMA Fiber. Journal of Lightwave Technology 2018, 36, 4723 -4729.
AMA StyleSanzhar Korganbayev, Rui Min, Madina Jelbuldina, Xuehao Hu, Christophe Caucheteur, Ole Bang, Beatriz Ortega, Carlos Marques, Daniele Tosi, Min Rui. Thermal Profile Detection Through High-Sensitivity Fiber Optic Chirped Bragg Grating on Microstructured PMMA Fiber. Journal of Lightwave Technology. 2018; 36 (20):4723-4729.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSanzhar Korganbayev; Rui Min; Madina Jelbuldina; Xuehao Hu; Christophe Caucheteur; Ole Bang; Beatriz Ortega; Carlos Marques; Daniele Tosi; Min Rui. 2018. "Thermal Profile Detection Through High-Sensitivity Fiber Optic Chirped Bragg Grating on Microstructured PMMA Fiber." Journal of Lightwave Technology 36, no. 20: 4723-4729.
We demonstrate the Bragg gratings inscription in the 850-nm spectral region by using trans-4-stilbenemethanol-doped poly methyl methacrylate step-index optical fiber and a 248-nm krypton fluoride (KrF) excimer laser system. The gratings inscription only takes 0.4 s. A detailed study of the grating fabrication process using different pulse repetition rates is also reported. In addition, temperature, humidity, and strain sensitivities are measured to demonstrate the potentiality of these components for different sensing applications.
Rui Min; Beatriz Ortega; Xuehao Hu; Christian Broadway; Christophe Caucheteur; Chi-Fung Jeff Pun; Hwa-Yaw Tam; Paulo Antunes; Carlos Marques. Bragg Gratings Inscription in TS-Doped PMMA POF by Using 248-nm KrF Pulses. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 2018, 30, 1609 -1612.
AMA StyleRui Min, Beatriz Ortega, Xuehao Hu, Christian Broadway, Christophe Caucheteur, Chi-Fung Jeff Pun, Hwa-Yaw Tam, Paulo Antunes, Carlos Marques. Bragg Gratings Inscription in TS-Doped PMMA POF by Using 248-nm KrF Pulses. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. 2018; 30 (18):1609-1612.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRui Min; Beatriz Ortega; Xuehao Hu; Christian Broadway; Christophe Caucheteur; Chi-Fung Jeff Pun; Hwa-Yaw Tam; Paulo Antunes; Carlos Marques. 2018. "Bragg Gratings Inscription in TS-Doped PMMA POF by Using 248-nm KrF Pulses." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 30, no. 18: 1609-1612.
A WDM-OOFDM access network using a centralized optical transceiver based on a single optical broadband sliced source at the Central Office is presented as a low cost solution. Such network offers downlink and uplink signal transmission by using double sideband modulation and optical carrier re-use, as well as dynamic bandwidth allocation, multiple band selection and tunable OFDM band selection in reconfigurable networks at moderate bitrates.
Imene Sekkiou; Francisco I. Chicharro; Beatriz Ortega; José Mora. Bidirectional WDM-OOFDM access network based on a sliceable optical transceiver with colorless ONUs. Optical Fiber Technology 2018, 45, 98 -105.
AMA StyleImene Sekkiou, Francisco I. Chicharro, Beatriz Ortega, José Mora. Bidirectional WDM-OOFDM access network based on a sliceable optical transceiver with colorless ONUs. Optical Fiber Technology. 2018; 45 ():98-105.
Chicago/Turabian StyleImene Sekkiou; Francisco I. Chicharro; Beatriz Ortega; José Mora. 2018. "Bidirectional WDM-OOFDM access network based on a sliceable optical transceiver with colorless ONUs." Optical Fiber Technology 45, no. : 98-105.
We experimentally demonstrate the first polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings inscribed with only one Nd:YAG laser (266 nm) pulse. The gratings have been inscribed in a single-mode poly (methyl methacrylate) optical fiber, with a core doped with benzyl dimethyl ketal for photosensitivity enhancement. One laser pulse with a duration of 8 ns and energy of 72 µJ is adequate to introduce a refractive index change of 0.5 × 10−4 in the fiber core. The stability of the gratings has been confirmed and the strain and temperature sensitivity measurements demonstrate their tunable properties.
Luis Pereira; Rui Min; Xuehao Hu; Christophe Caucheteur; Ole Bang; Beatriz Ortega; Carlos Marques; Paulo Antunes; Joao L. Pinto. Polymer optical fiber Bragg grating inscription with a single Nd:YAG laser pulse. Optics Express 2018, 26, 18096 -18104.
AMA StyleLuis Pereira, Rui Min, Xuehao Hu, Christophe Caucheteur, Ole Bang, Beatriz Ortega, Carlos Marques, Paulo Antunes, Joao L. Pinto. Polymer optical fiber Bragg grating inscription with a single Nd:YAG laser pulse. Optics Express. 2018; 26 (14):18096-18104.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuis Pereira; Rui Min; Xuehao Hu; Christophe Caucheteur; Ole Bang; Beatriz Ortega; Carlos Marques; Paulo Antunes; Joao L. Pinto. 2018. "Polymer optical fiber Bragg grating inscription with a single Nd:YAG laser pulse." Optics Express 26, no. 14: 18096-18104.
We demonstrate Bragg grating inscription in commercial CYTOP POF at a wavelength of 600 nm using a 248 nm krypton fluoride (KrF) excimer laser system with a repetition rate of 40 Hz and average pulse energy of 0.60-0.02 mJ during 60 min. Experimental characterization of the Bragg grating is performed under different conditions, where the temperature and strain sensitivities were accurately measured to define potential sensing and optical communication applications. Furthermore, different humidity conditions were experimentally tested and it was proved CYTOP POF as a good candidate for sensing applications under humidity change environment.
Rui Min; Beatriz Ortega; Arnaldo Leal-Junior; Carlos Marques. Fabrication and Characterization of Bragg Grating in CYTOP POF at 600-nm Wavelength. IEEE Sensors Letters 2018, 2, 1 -4.
AMA StyleRui Min, Beatriz Ortega, Arnaldo Leal-Junior, Carlos Marques. Fabrication and Characterization of Bragg Grating in CYTOP POF at 600-nm Wavelength. IEEE Sensors Letters. 2018; 2 (3):1-4.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRui Min; Beatriz Ortega; Arnaldo Leal-Junior; Carlos Marques. 2018. "Fabrication and Characterization of Bragg Grating in CYTOP POF at 600-nm Wavelength." IEEE Sensors Letters 2, no. 3: 1-4.