Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by a mutation in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene and is characterized by recurrent pulmonary infections, fat malabsorption, and malnutrition. CF is associated with diverse dermatologic symptoms, including aquagenic palmoplantar keratoderma, nutrient deficiency dermatitis, and vasculitis. Sporadically, these manifestations may represent the initial symptoms of cystic fibrosis. Drug-induced skin reactions are commonly observed in patients with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) due to the chronic use of antibiotics. Therapy with CFTR modulators is considered the gold standard in the treatment of cystic fibrosis. Nevertheless, they are associated with numerous side effects, ranging from rash to Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Identifying the cutaneous manifestations of cystic fibrosis may support comprehensive care for patients. In this regard, dermatologists may play an important role in the management of associated skin complications.

The escalating global prevalence of myopia constitutes a significant public health challenge. This narrative review explores the role of dietary factors, specifically vitamin D and selected nutrients, in its development in children and young adults. Current research underscores a link between low serum vitamin D levels and increased myopia risk. While this association often reflects limited time spent outdoors, vitamin D also appears to exert a direct biological role in regulating ocular growth. The impact of other micronutrients remains ambiguous. Although vitamin A, zinc, and selenium are essential for retinal health and antioxidant defense, human studies regarding their specific capacity to prevent myopia are inconclusive. In contrast, emerging evidence suggests that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids confer protective benefits against axial elongation. Conversely, diets high in refined carbohydrates are associated with an elevated risk of myopia, likely due to insulin-mediated mechanisms influencing scleral structure. Overall, vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids demonstrate the greatest promise as modifiable protective factors. However, the roles of zinc, selenium, and vitamin A remain inconclusive. Future prevention strategies may benefit from considering nutritional optimization alongside increased outdoor activity as part of a broader strategy of reducing myopia progression.

Anifrolumab is a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting the IFNAR1 subunit of the type I interferon receptor. By inhibiting the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and suppressing interferon-stimulated gene expression, anifrolumab represents a targeted therapy based on disease pathophysiology. The drug has been approved as an add-on treatment for adult patients with moderate to severe systemic lupus erythematosus particularly in patients in whom standard therapies such as systemic glucocorticoids and hydroxychloroquine have failed to achieve the desired outcomes. The efficacy of anifrolumab has been assessed in several randomized clinical trials, which demonstrated a significant reduction in disease activity, decreased rates of disease flares, and improvement in cutaneous and musculoskeletal manifestations. Another clinically relevant outcome was the possibility to reduce glucocorticosteroid doses. Further analyses also suggest a beneficial effect of anifrolumab in lupus nephritis and indicate its superiority over standard therapy. Anifrolumab has demonstrated a favorable safety profile, with no significant increase in the risk of serious adverse events or opportunistic infections. The most frequently reported adverse events were upper respiratory tract infections as well as varicella and herpes zoster infections. In Poland, anifrolumab is registered exclusively for the treatment of adults with moderate to severe systemic lupus erythematosus as an adjunct to standard therapy. However, evidence from clinical trials and case series suggest the potential for broader application of this drug in dermatology in the coming years. In the future, anifrolumab may also be considered a therapeutic option in refractory cases of cutaneous lupus erythematosus.

Background: Lupus erythematosus is a chronic multisystem autoimmune disease affecting both internal organs and the skin. It may present as a skin-limited condition, referred to as cutaneous lupus erythematosus, or as a potentially life-threatening systemic disorder, systemic lupus erythematosus. Skin involvement is observed in up to 80% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, and cutaneous disease represents the initial manifestation of the systemic form in approximately 25% of cases. Despite this substantial burden, knowledge of the disease among physicians and nurses remains inconsistent, and hospitalization affects roughly 10% of patients annually, underscoring the need for a consolidated, multidisciplinary summary of current management.Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to synthesize current clinical knowledge regarding lupus erythematosus, outline diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, and emphasize the critical role of multidisciplinary care, patient education, and addressing the psychological burden associated with the disease.Materials and methods: A narrative review was conducted through a comprehensive literature search across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (between 17 February and 29 March 2026). A total of 50 publications were included, comprising clinical practice guidelines, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and original clinical studies, including the EULAR/ACR criteria.Results: Lupus diagnosis relies primarily on the 2019 EULAR/ACR criteria. The cornerstone of treatment comprises antimalarial drugs, supported by immunosuppression and biological therapies. Non-pharmacological management remains crucial, particularly strict photoprotection and complete smoking cessation. The multisystem nature of the disease requires care coordinated by a rheumatologist in close collaboration with a cardiologist, nephrologist, dermatologist, and other specialists. The patients' psychological burden, including depression, necessitates psychiatric support and modern educational tools, which directly improve treatment adherence, a pressing concern, as non-adherence affects up to 62% of patients with SLE, with depression and polypharmacy independently increasing the risk.Conclusions: Effective management of lupus extends beyond pharmacology alone. Clinical success requires close cooperation within a multidisciplinary team, integrated psychological support, and ongoing patient education, which collectively help prevent relapses and enhance overall quality of life.