The characteristics of these sheep are highlighted depth measures of external appearance with modest width measures. Another weaker feature of Pramenka sheep is poor fertility. Despite the mentioned disadvantages, Pramenka sheep is the most grown sheep in Central Bosnia and sheep production is based on it. Methodical selection to improve the characteristics of Pramenka sheep has not applied. However, sheep breeders tend to improve the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of sheep, and that means more intensive work on the selection. In this sense, genetic markers are used to carry out the selection lately. Three types of hemoglobin, HbAA, Hband HbBB of Pramenka sheep population (at 189 male and female animals) in Central Bosnia were segregated by the method of electrophoresis. The following genotype frequencies are determined: HbAA 0.11; Hb0.41; and HbBB 0.48. Allele frequencies, HbA and HbB for Pramenka sheep breed (estimate based on genotype frequencies) were 0.315 and 0.685. It was found that the population of sheep was in the equilibrium of the frequency of hemoglobin genotypes. Sheep with HbAA genotype had lower morphometric measures in relation to the other two genotypes. The statistically significant difference between sheep with Hbgenotype and HbAA genotype was recorded only for the shin perimeter. The ewes that lambed one lamb have the following frequency of HbAA, Hband HbBB genotypes: 0.13; 0.40 and 0.47, and the ewes with twins: 0.02; 0.40 and 0.58. Fertility, as important quantitative characteristic of sheep, was more emphasized in genotype HbBB, than in HbAA genotype. This was confirmed by the statistical analysis.

Pedigree analysis of the Lipizzan horse populations from Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia: Structure, inbreeding and genetic variability | Biljana Rogic, Ljuba Strbac, Sladjana Preradovic, Bozo Vazic | Agricultural Journals

The aim of this work was a phenotypic description of the mare families of a Lipizzan horse breed from stud Vucijak. A total of 31 mares were measured, for every animal 28 measures were recorded. The mares are distributed by mare families in the following: Sana (3), Lipa (3), Bregava (3), Cremica (3), Ukrina (3), Visla (2), Neretva (3), Pliva (1), Drina (2), Sutjeska (2), Sitnica (1), Janja (2) and Sava. Simple analysis of variance was done to determine the difference in the morphological measures between mare families. Also, correlation between 28 measures was done. This study revealed phenotypic uniformity between mare families. Of the 28 measures recorded, a statistically significant difference was identified only for the length of cannon (front leg). The longest average length of the cannon (front leg) had at Sana (24.67 cm), and the shortest at Bregava (19.00 cm). The correlation ranged from slightly negative to highly positive with correlation coefficients from -0.465 to 0.779. Significant and highly significant correlation with height, length and depth was found in mare measures. The body shape of the mare families has a rectangular, which is in accordance with the Lipizzan horses from other stud in Europe. Also, the study revealed that mares from Vucijak are smaller than mares from other stud, which is in accordance with the breeding goals.

Morphometric characterization of three strains: Dub, Privor and Kupres was done in order to obtain the genetic characterization of autochthonous sheep strains in Central Bosnia. Total of 205 ewes and rams was measured in order to determine similarities and differences between them. The eight, most important, morphometric trait were determined: wither height, rump height, body length, shoulder width, chest depth, hip width, chest perimeter and shin perimeter. Ewes of Dub Pramenka in relation to Privor and Kupres strains had pronounced morphometric measures, and established differences were statistically significant and highly significant. Statistically significant differences in all measures was observed between rams, expect for hip width. The obtained results show a significant difference in morphometric measures of three autochthonous Pramenka strains from Central Bosnia.

The Lipizzan horse belongs to the oldest European horse breeds. In the year 1946 the Bosnian Lipizzan state stud farm Vucijak, located next to the town Prnjavor, was founded. The foundation stock originated from the Croatian state stud farms Lipik and Djakovo, and from private owners in Croatia. The breeding goal of Vucijak was to obtain a Lipizzan horse of a smaller body frame suitable for driving and the use as pack horses. The aim of this study was to compare anatomical body measurements of the founder animals with measurements of actual breeding population. From in total 41 horses (10 stallions and 31 mares) following body measurements were taken: height at withers (measured by tape), circumference of chest and circumference of cannon bone forelimb. All horses was 4 years or older at the time of measuring. In order to compare the actual breeding population with the foundation population we extracted comparable data of 17 stallions and 36 mares from the stud book. On the basis of the morphological measures, compactness and bonines index were calculated. The results showed that today's Lipizzan horse of the Vucijak stud are smaller in height at whiters and circumference of chest, while the circumference of cannon bone is larger than documented for founders. The t-test showed a statistically significant difference in the height at whiters and circumference of cannon bone. On the basis of the obtained results, it can be concluded that today's Lipizzan from the Bosnian stud farm Vucijak have a smaller body frame, which confirmed selection success.

The study of the hemoglobin polymorphism was performed on blood samples, taken from areas inhabited by Pramenka sheep in Central Bosnia: the area of the mountain Vlašić, the upper flow of the river Vrbas and Kupres plateau. Dupska pramenka sheep inhabits the mountain Vlašić and the areas of surrounding municipalities. Privorska pramenka sheep inhabits the area around the upper flow of the river Vrbas and the mountain Vranica and Kupreška pramenka sheep inhabits Kupres plateau. HbA gene frequency was 0.31 and HbB gene frequency was 0.69 for Dupska pramenka sheep. Privorska pramenka sheep had a frequency of 0.33 for the HbA gene, and 0.67 for the HbB gene, in its population. Kupreška pramenka sheep had the lowest frequency of the HbA gene, (0.30), and therefore the maximum frequency of the HbB gene. Hemoglobin genotype frequencies for all investigated types of Pramenka sheep breed are in equilibrium. Investigated types of Pramenka sheep breed inhabit areas adjacent to each other. They are phenotypically quite similar and have a similar frequency of genotype polymorphism of hemoglobin. The difference between them is not statistically significant.