水位运行或调节模式是影响水库消落带植被组成与结构的关键因素，三峡水库独特的水位调节形成了具有明显不同出露-淹没特征的梯度性消落带. 为了解水位调节对三峡库区消落带植物群落特征的影响，选择在三峡水库高水位运行5年后，在库区腹地3个受人为干扰较小且近自然状态的消落带，开展了不同高程（150 m、160 m和170 m）梯度的消落带植被物种组成、盖度、生物量、生物多样性和优势物种的比较研究. 结果显示：消落带植被共有51种植物，多年生和一年生植物分别为25种和26种；随着高程增加，总物种数量越来越高，3个高程分别为8种、22种和45种分布；150 m高程盖度和生物量明显低于160 m和170 m两个高程，而后两者均没有显著差异；不同水位高程优势种明显不同，以白酒草为主的一年生植物多分布在消落带170 m高程，以狗牙根和马唐为主的多年生和一年生植物分布在消落带的160 m高程，以狗牙根为主的多年生植物分布在150 m高程；生物多样性指数随着高程的增加而变大，其中Shannon-Wiener多样性指数在150 m、160 m和170 m高程分别为0.877 ± 0.298、2.137 ± 0.186和3.097 ± 0.407. 综上表明，水位调节导致三峡水库消落带植被在30 m高程（145-175 m）范围内形成了不同组成与结构的群落，优势物种间差异可能是消落带植物对三峡水库水位调节模式的一种适应性策略体现；150 m高程出露时间相对较短，其土壤沉积物淤积严重，表层土壤种子库萌发受影响，物种数量、生物多样性、植被盖度和生物量明显低于其他高程，自然恢复能力较差. （图2 表5 参46）

Invasive alien species (IAS) threaten coastal wetland ecosystems, and smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) is among the most damaging invaders along the coast of China. We compiled occurrence records from the invaded range (China) and native range (United States) and retained 358 and 291 spatially thinned occurrences after quality control and definition of coastal-accessible areas. We assembled climatic, topographic, land use, soil and anthropogenic predictors and fitted species distribution models using the biomod2 ensemble-modeling framework, complemented by an ecospat-based comparison of native and invaded niche spaces. The ensemble model (EM) showed high predictive accuracy (China: AUC = 0.98, TSS = 0.99; USA: AUC = 0.99, TSS = 0.94). Elevation (73.6%) and human influence (6.0%) were the strongest predictors, highlighting the role of intertidal geomorphology and human-mediated propagule pressure. Niche overlap between ranges was low (Schoener’s D = 0.13), and the invaded niche showed substantial unfilling (0.36), indicating additional environmental space at risk of colonization in China. The current suitable habitat forms a continuous coastal belt from the Bohai Rim through the Yellow Sea–East China Sea to the South China Sea. Projections under future climate change suggest predominantly stable suitable areas with localized expansions but potential contractions in some periods. Our results may support the early warning, surveillance prioritization, and adaptive management of S. alterniflora under climate change.