Background. Malaria is one of the most severe public health problems worldwide. It is a leading cause of suffering, death, and socioeconomic problem, especially in many developing countries like Ethiopia. To introduce appropriate preventive and control measures, assessment of community’s levels of knowledge, attitude, and preventative practices regarding malaria is crucial. This study was aimed at assessing the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) towards malaria and its preventive and control methods among people attending Mekaneeyesus primary hospital, South Gondar, northwestern Ethiopia. Methods. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2017 to April 2018. A structured questionnaire was administered to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics and KAP of 390 randomly selected individuals. The data collecting tool was pretested before commencing the actual data collection. The data were analyzed using the SPSS version 21 software. values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. The overall prevalence rate of malaria in the study area was 8.5%. Nearly two-third of the participants had good knowledge (63.1%) and positive attitude (62.6%) scores towards malaria while only half of the participants had (50.8%) good practice score towards malaria prevention and control measures. Sex, age category, family monthly income, residence, and occupational and educational status of the participants were significantly associated with knowledge and practice scores ( ). The odds of malaria were 26.93 ( , ) and 13.09 ( , ) times higher among individuals who had poor knowledge and poor practice towards malaria, respectively, as compared to individuals who were knowledgeable and had good practice score towards malaria. Conclusion. The overall knowledge score, attitude, and practice level of respondents towards malaria was relatively good. However, significant proportion of the participants still have misconception about the cause, sign and symptoms, modes of transmission, and practices towards prevention methods of malaria. Thus, health education which is aimed at raising community’s awareness about the disease is necessary to address the gaps identified by this study.

Back ground. Schistosomiasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases and is prevalent in tropics. It causes morbidity and mortality in developing countries including Ethiopia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of S. mansoni infection and associated risk factors among two schools of Guangua district, northwest Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study design was employed. Four hundred twenty-two participants were selected. Data was collected through observation and interview with structured questionnaire. Stool specimens were collected and examined using two-slide Kato-Katz method. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Logistic regression was fitted for analysis. Variables with value <0.25 in the univariate logistic regression analysis were entered into the multivariable logistic regression model. Those with <0.05 were identified as significantly associated risk factors. To assure the quality of the data, training was given for data collectors and supervisors, and the tools were pretested on 5% of the sample size. Results. 404 (95.7%) school children were enrolled in the study. The overall prevalence of S. mansoni was 12.6%. School children in the age group 5-9 years old (AOR (95% CI): 22.27 (3.70-134.01), ), age group 10-14 years old (AOR (95% CI): 4.58 (1.14-18.42), ), grade levels 5-8 (AOR (95% CL): 14.95 (4.297-52.03), ), who swim frequently (AOR (95% CI): 11.35 (2.33-55.33), ), and those who cultivate near the irrigation area (AOR (95% CI): 7.10 (2.31-21.80), ) were significantly associated with high risk of S. mansoni infection. Conclusion and Recommendation. From the finding of the current study, it can be concluded that the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni in the study area is relatively high. Age of fourteen and younger years old, swimming in the river, and irrigation practice were the main risk factors of S. mansoni infection. Thus, therapeutic interventions as well as health education are desirable.

Background : Malaria is worldwide health problem causing high mortality and morbidity, not only a major cause of suffering and death, but also the cause of socioeconomic problems, especially in developing country like Ethiopia. Methods: This study is aimed to investigate knowledge, attitude and practice towards malaria and its preventive and control methods among people attending in Mekaneeyesus primary hospital, South Gondar, Northwestern Ethiopia. Cross sectional study was employed by using random sampling technique was carried out to select representative individuals. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics and KAP. The data quality control was tested by using pretest and study protocol of the research was approved by the Ethical Review Committee. Results: The overall prevalence rate of malaria was 8.5%. Individuals having poor knowledge and poor practice toward malaria were 26.93 (CI = 3.67-197.47, p=0.001) and 13.09 (CI=0.93-183.47, p=0.036) times higher respectively as compared to individuals who are knowledgeable and had good practice toward malaria. Level of education was significant predictor of practice level which, education status of being uneducated and attaining grades 1-8. Respondent’s less than 500 family economic statuses were also significantly associated with practice level (P < 0.05) among study participants. The overall knowledge, attitude and practice level was relatively good, but its practice towards ITN utilization was poor. Poor knowledge and practice were significantly increase malaria risk. Conclusion: Malaria is still causes a serious health burden so special attention should be taken to malaria prevention and control by giving awareness and using different intervention method.

* THE Conclusion: the authors need to mention what is their take-home message. * INTRODUCTION - The introduction needs to provide the importance of the issue from general to specific, begin with general approach and worldwide to Africa a...

Background and Aims: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women globally and a leading cause of cancer‐related mortality in Ethiopia. Early detection and awareness of risk factors are critical for improving outcomes, yet knowledge gaps and sociocultural barriers persist. The objective of this study was to assess awareness of breast cancer risk factors, symptoms, diagnostic methods, and preventive practices among Ethiopian women. Methods: A community‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted from September 2024 to May 2025 among women employed in governmental, non‐governmental, and private organizations in Bahir Dar, Dessie, Debre Berhan, and Gondar. A multistage random sampling technique selected 473 participants. Data were collected using a semi‐structured questionnaire covering socio‐demographic characteristics, knowledge of breast cancer, attitudes toward screening, and early detection practices. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 and Epi Info 3.5.1. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with knowledge, attitude, and practice. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals were used to determine the strength of associations, and statistical significance was declared at p < 0.05. Results: Participants were predominantly young (≤ 30 years) and well‐educated (48.0% diploma, 41.2% BSc or higher). Commonly recognized symptoms were breast pain (86.3%), swelling (83.3%), lumps (79.5%), and size changes (78.4%). Self‐breast examination was practiced by 68.7%, but knowledge of correct timing and frequency was low. Awareness of Clinical‐breast examination (88.6%) and pathological diagnosis (54.1%) was higher. Risk factor knowledge was uneven, with better recognition of smoking, alcohol, and inactivity, but poor understanding of diet, obesity, reproductive factors, hormones, and radiation. Sunlight was commonly misperceived as a risk. Main information sources were mass media, health workers, and teachers. Participants aged 36–40 years had significantly better knowledge (AOR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.51–3.14, p = 0.002). Family history of breast cancer was associated with higher odds of good knowledge (AOR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.24–3.61, p = 0.004), good attitude (AOR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.26–4.46, p = 0.004), and good practices (AOR = 1.64, 95% CI: 0.96–2.31, p = 0.041). Having a current breast problem was the strongest predictor, associated with better knowledge (AOR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.48–3.84, p = 0.004), better attitude (AOR = 3.64, 95% CI: 2.62–8.24, p = 0.001), and good preventive practices (AOR = 3.54, 95% CI: 1.87–6.25, p = 0.003). Conclusion: Breast cancer knowledge among Ethiopian women remains poor with notable gaps in understanding risk factors, symptoms, and preventive practices. Sociocultural and structural barriers further impede early detection. Implementing targeted, culturally sensitive health education, integrating breast cancer awareness into routine healthcare, and utilizing mass media and educational institutions are essential strategies to enhance knowledge, promote screening, and improve early detection, ultimately reducing morbidity and mortality.