Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy worldwide. In hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative metastatic breast cancer (mBC), cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) are the standard treatment. Sarcopenia, characterized by progressive muscle loss, is increasingly recognized as a factor influencing cancer outcomes. This study evaluated the impact of preexisting sarcopenia on overall survival, progression-free survival, and treatment-related adverse effects in patients receiving CDK4/6i therapy. A retrospective analysis was conducted on hormone receptor-positive mBC patients treated with CDK4/6i at Istanbul Training and Research Hospital between 2020 and 2024. Patients were classified as sarcopenic or non-sarcopenic based on pretreatment computed tomography muscle mass measurements. Survival outcomes were assessed using Kaplan–Meier analysis, and treatment-related adverse effects, including dose reductions, acute kidney injury, liver function test abnormalities, and neutropenia, were compared between groups. Among 111 patients, 20 (18%) were identified as sarcopenic. Sarcopenia was associated with significantly lower overall survival and progression-free survival compared to non-sarcopenic patients (P = .000). However, no significant differences were observed between groups in treatment-related adverse effects, including the need for dose reduction, acute kidney injury, liver function abnormalities, and neutropenia (P > .05). Sarcopenia negatively impacts survival outcomes in hormone receptor-positive mBC patients receiving CDK4/6i therapy. Routine screening and targeted interventions, such as nutritional support and physical activity programs, may help improve patient resilience and treatment efficacy. Further research is needed to develop strategies to mitigate sarcopenia’s impact on survival in this patient population.

Peliosis hepatis (PH) and sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen are uncommon benign lesions. Diagnosis can be difficult in some patients. Herein, we present the case of a 28-year-old woman referred with abdominal pain who had spleen lesions. ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography revealed multiple non-FDG avid lesions in the liver and hypermetabolic lesions in the spleen. In addition, abdominal magnetic resonance imaging was performed. Histopathology revealed sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation in the spleen and PH in the liver.

Background/Objectives: Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) resembles non-vascular intestinal ischemia (NSII) and non-specific abdominal pain (NSAP) at presentation yet carries 50–80% mortality. We tested how well admission data separate these conditions and predict in-hospital mortality, the primary endpoint. Methods: We studied 197 consecutive adults (2015–2021): AMI (n = 61), NSII (n = 62), and NSAP controls (n = 74). Admission demographics, comorbidities, laboratory markers, the Mannheim Peritonitis Index (MPI), and APACHE-II were compared by ROC/DeLong analysis and multivariable logistic regression (STROBE). Results: AMI had more atrial fibrillation, thromboembolism, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and dyslipidemia (p ≤ 0.028) and higher in-hospital mortality than NSII (47.5% vs. 16.1%; p < 0.001). Inflammatory ratios, lactate, and albumin separated AMI from NSAP well (AUC up to 0.93) but from NSII modestly (lactate, 0.672). APACHE-II (AUC 0.861) and MPI (0.810) predicted in-hospital death and improved combined (0.897; DeLong p = 0.014). Independent predictors were MPI (adjusted odds ratio 1.14, 95% CI 1.06–1.23), CKD (3.72, 1.25–12.10), and arterial lactate (1.20, 1.03–1.45). Conclusions: A composite admission panel was internally consistent but hypothesis-generating, not a triage tool ready for clinical use. CT angiography remains essential, since these markers cannot separate vascular from non-vascular ischemia; prospective external validation is required.

AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the surgical outcomes of liver and lung hydatid cysts treated either simultaneously or in separate stages. The main focus was to determine the impact of surgical timing on postoperative complications and overall patient recovery, with an emphasis on minimally invasive techniques. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 42 patients diagnosed with concomitant liver and lung hydatid cysts between March 2009 and July 2020. Surgical procedures included video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), thoracotomy, laparoscopy, and laparotomy. Patient demographics, cyst characteristics, concomitant diseases, surgical procedures, postoperative complications, and recovery times were analyzed. The statistical significance of surgical outcomes between one-stage and two-stage procedures was assessed using appropriate statistical tests. RESULTS: Demographic analysis revealed that 57.1% of the participants were female and 42.9% male, with an average age of 36 years. Comorbidities were present in 23.8% of patients, with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) being the most common at 11.9% and asthma at 7.1%. The complication rate was 35.3% in patients who underwent lung hydatid cyst surgery and 30.8% in those who underwent liver and lung hydatid cyst surgery. Although there was no statistically significant difference among the three groups (p = 0.840), liver surgery was associated with a longer hospital stay (p = 0.013). Minimally invasive surgical techniques (VATS, laparoscopy) had a lower complication rate (20% versus 40.9%, p = 0.143). These results suggest that minimally invasive techniques can reduce the risk of complications. CONCLUSIONS: The timing of the surgical procedure, whether performed in one or two stages, had no significant effect on the complication rate. Minimally invasive techniques are recommended due to their lower complication rate and shorter recovery time.