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Dr. Karen Bishop
University of Auckland, New Zealand

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0 Nutrigenomics
0 Cancer chemoprevention
0 Mediterranean diet
0 nutrition and health
0 cancer epidemiology biomarkers nutrition

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Mediterranean diet
omega 3 fatty acids
Nutrigenomics

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Reviews
Published: 12 June 2020 in Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
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Background: Tomatoes and lycopene have been associated with the prevention of chronic diseases. Tetra-cis lycopene from tangerine tomatoes has been reported to be more bioavailable than the all-trans isomer found in red tomatoes. Therefore, tangerine tomatoes might contain superior health benefits compared to those of red tomatoes. Scope and approach: This review focuses on the origin, biochemistry, nutritional composition, and potential health benefits of tangerine tomatoes, as well as their comparison with those of the red and high-β-carotene varieties. Information gathered from numerous studies on tomatoes, as well as conflicting perspectives, have been summarized to provide an unbiased review. Key findings and conclusion: The origin of tangerine tomatoes is disputable, but they were reportedly present from as early as 1934. The carotenoid biosynthesis pathway underlying the accumulation of tetra-cis lycopene in tangerine tomatoes has been well defined. However, the nutritional composition of tangerine tomatoes is not currently publicly available. The carotenoid composition of tangerine tomatoes is unique not only because of the presence of tetra-cis lycopene, but also due to the relatively high content of phytoene, phytofluene, ζ-carotene, and neurosporene relative to other tomato varieties. Although a few in vitro and in vivo studies have shown promising results, further studies are required to validate the health benefits of tangerine tomatoes. Furthermore, published data regarding the potential health benefits of tangerine tomatoes on cardiovascular and bone health is currently lacking even though red tomatoes have shown promise in these areas.

ACS Style

Hartono Tanambell; Karen Suzanne Bishop; Siew Young Quek. Tangerine tomatoes: origin, biochemistry, potential health benefits and future prospects. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 2020, 61, 2237 -2248.

AMA Style

Hartono Tanambell, Karen Suzanne Bishop, Siew Young Quek. Tangerine tomatoes: origin, biochemistry, potential health benefits and future prospects. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2020; 61 (13):2237-2248.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hartono Tanambell; Karen Suzanne Bishop; Siew Young Quek. 2020. "Tangerine tomatoes: origin, biochemistry, potential health benefits and future prospects." Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 61, no. 13: 2237-2248.

Review
Published: 26 February 2020 in Nutrients
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Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw. Karst) is a common bracket fungus, with a woody texture. It is found predominantly in coniferous forests in temperate regions throughout Europe and Asia. Fomitopsis pinicola has been extensively used for medicinal purposes, particularly in Chinese and Korean traditional medicine. In this mini-review, the anti-cancer characteristics of F. pinicola extracts were investigated. In vitro experiments revealed the pro-apoptotic, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of extracts, whilst two of three in vivo studies reported an inhibition of tumour growth and prolonged survival. Only studies wherein fungal specimens were sourced from Europe or Asia were included in this review, as samples sourced as F. pinicola from North America were probably not F. pinicola, but a different species. Although not one of the most revered fungal species, F. pinicola has been used as a medicinal fungus for centuries, as well as consumed as a health food supplement. To date, the results from only three in vivo studies, investigating anti-cancer properties, have been published. Further studies, using comprehensively identified specimens, are required to fully elucidate the anti-cancer properties of F. pinicola extracts.

ACS Style

Karen S. Bishop. Characterisation of Extracts and Anti-Cancer Activities of Fomitopsis pinicola. Nutrients 2020, 12, 609 .

AMA Style

Karen S. Bishop. Characterisation of Extracts and Anti-Cancer Activities of Fomitopsis pinicola. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (3):609.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karen S. Bishop. 2020. "Characterisation of Extracts and Anti-Cancer Activities of Fomitopsis pinicola." Nutrients 12, no. 3: 609.

Journal article
Published: 05 December 2019 in Food Research International
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The phenolic compounds and aroma active compounds in feijoa (Acca sellowiana (O.Berg) Burret) juice from four New Zealand grown cultivars (Apollo, Unique, Opal Star, and Wiki Tu) were investigated. A high total phenolic content (maximum 1.89 mg GAE/mL juice) and significant antioxidant activities (maximum 14.66 mM Trolox/mL juice) were determined in feijoa juices. A total of 7 phenolic compounds from the screening of 29 standards were identified and quantified by LC-MS, with procyanidin B1 (209.78–511.07 μg/mL) and (+)-catechin (121.80–472.75 μg/mL) being the most abundant. Procyanidin B2 and quercetin-3-galactoside were reported in feijoa samples for the first time. The volatile compounds in feijoa juice were identified by HS-SPME-GC–MS, and 17 of the 63 identified compounds were not previously reported in feijoa samples. A total of 25 aroma active compounds were further identified by the olfactory test, and the esters and terpenes were the dominant compounds contributing to the aroma of feijoa juice. Methyl benzoate showed the characteristic “feijoa-like” aroma with a concentration of 13.62–52.62 μg/g juice. The aroma profile of feijoa juice from the four selected cultivars was established, and the “fruity” and “green, grassy & herbal” notes were the predominant attributes. Among the four selected cultivars, the Unique cultivar had the highest total phenolic content and antioxidant activities, while the Wiki Tu was the most aroma intensive. This study, first report on the phenolics and aroma compounds in feijoa juice with comparison of four cultivars, could be fundamental and essential to natural fruit juice industry and feijoa fruit investigation, as well as provided scientific evidence to local feijoa market and growers regarding cultivar selection.

ACS Style

Yaoyao Peng; Karen Suzanne Bishop; Jingying Zhang; Donglin Chen; Siew Young Quek. Characterization of phenolic compounds and aroma active compounds in feijoa juice from four New Zealand grown cultivars by LC-MS and HS-SPME-GC-O-MS. Food Research International 2019, 129, 108873 .

AMA Style

Yaoyao Peng, Karen Suzanne Bishop, Jingying Zhang, Donglin Chen, Siew Young Quek. Characterization of phenolic compounds and aroma active compounds in feijoa juice from four New Zealand grown cultivars by LC-MS and HS-SPME-GC-O-MS. Food Research International. 2019; 129 ():108873.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yaoyao Peng; Karen Suzanne Bishop; Jingying Zhang; Donglin Chen; Siew Young Quek. 2019. "Characterization of phenolic compounds and aroma active compounds in feijoa juice from four New Zealand grown cultivars by LC-MS and HS-SPME-GC-O-MS." Food Research International 129, no. : 108873.

Paper
Published: 19 September 2019 in Food & Function
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In this study, we investigated the potential bioactivities of an ethanol extract of Hericium novae-zealandiae and four of its constituents, namely hericenone C, hericene B, ergosterol and ergosterol peroxide.

ACS Style

Zhixia (Grace) Chen; Karen Suzanne Bishop; Hartono Tanambell; Peter Buchanan; Chris Smith; Siew Young Quek. Characterization of the bioactivities of an ethanol extract and some of its constituents from the New Zealand native mushroom Hericium novae-zealandiae. Food & Function 2019, 10, 6633 -6643.

AMA Style

Zhixia (Grace) Chen, Karen Suzanne Bishop, Hartono Tanambell, Peter Buchanan, Chris Smith, Siew Young Quek. Characterization of the bioactivities of an ethanol extract and some of its constituents from the New Zealand native mushroom Hericium novae-zealandiae. Food & Function. 2019; 10 (10):6633-6643.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhixia (Grace) Chen; Karen Suzanne Bishop; Hartono Tanambell; Peter Buchanan; Chris Smith; Siew Young Quek. 2019. "Characterization of the bioactivities of an ethanol extract and some of its constituents from the New Zealand native mushroom Hericium novae-zealandiae." Food & Function 10, no. 10: 6633-6643.

Review
Published: 09 September 2019 in Healthcare
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There have been many original and review articles summarizing the impact of nutrition and diet on breast cancer risk. However, very few consider the implication of genetic background and the effect of personalised nutrition on the risk and prognosis of breast cancer. A literature search was performed using the following databases: MEDLINE (Ovid), PubMed, Scopus and EMBASE (Ovid). The ensuing search terms were selected: genomics, nutrigenomics, breast cancer, breast neoplasms, cancer, nutrigenetics, diet–gene interaction, and Mediterranean, nutrition, polyphenols and diet. In this review, we discuss the Mediterranean-style diet and associated nutrients, evidence of benefit, impact on gene expression and evidence of interactions with genotype and how this interaction can modify breast cancer risk and progression. In addition, the impact of nutrients commonly associated with a Mediterranean-style diet, on breast cancer treatment, and synergistic effects are mentioned when modified by genotype. Some evidence exists around the benefit of a gene-based personalised diet based on a Mediterranean-style dietary pattern, but further evidence in the form of clinical trials is required before such an approach can be comprehensively implemented.

ACS Style

Amani Al Shaikh; Andrea J. Braakhuis; Karen S. Bishop. The Mediterranean Diet and Breast Cancer: A Personalised Approach. Healthcare 2019, 7, 104 .

AMA Style

Amani Al Shaikh, Andrea J. Braakhuis, Karen S. Bishop. The Mediterranean Diet and Breast Cancer: A Personalised Approach. Healthcare. 2019; 7 (3):104.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amani Al Shaikh; Andrea J. Braakhuis; Karen S. Bishop. 2019. "The Mediterranean Diet and Breast Cancer: A Personalised Approach." Healthcare 7, no. 3: 104.

Journal article
Published: 07 August 2019 in Nutrition and Cancer
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Introduction: Medicinal mushrooms have been used for the treatment of diseases and general promotion of health for many centuries. Recent pharmacological research into medicinal mushrooms has identified various therapeutic properties, with applications in modern medicine. Aim: To evaluate the anti-cancer activities of Fomitopsis pinicola (F. pinicola) alcoholic extract in an in vivo setting. Methods: The anti-tumour effect of the F. pinicola extract was tested in a xenograft immune-compromised Rag-1 mouse model. This was followed by RT-PCR and metabolomics analyses. Results: There were no observable differences in tumor growth between treated and non-treated groups. The bioactive components were not detected in the mouse plasma or the tumor site. Conclusions: The extract was poorly absorbed; this is likely due to the timing of treatment, dosage levels and modifications made to the extract where the alcohol-based solvent was replaced with water. This, in combination with fractionation studies which identified most anti-cancer compounds to be hydrophobic, largely explained the lack of anti-cancer activities in vivo.

ACS Style

Chi H. J. Kao; David R. Greenwood; Stephen M. F. Jamieson; Margaret E. Coe; Pamela M. Murray; Lynnette R. Ferguson; Karen S. Bishop. Anticancer Characteristics of Fomitopsis pinicola Extract in a Xenograft Mouse Model—a Preliminary Study. Nutrition and Cancer 2019, 72, 645 -652.

AMA Style

Chi H. J. Kao, David R. Greenwood, Stephen M. F. Jamieson, Margaret E. Coe, Pamela M. Murray, Lynnette R. Ferguson, Karen S. Bishop. Anticancer Characteristics of Fomitopsis pinicola Extract in a Xenograft Mouse Model—a Preliminary Study. Nutrition and Cancer. 2019; 72 (4):645-652.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chi H. J. Kao; David R. Greenwood; Stephen M. F. Jamieson; Margaret E. Coe; Pamela M. Murray; Lynnette R. Ferguson; Karen S. Bishop. 2019. "Anticancer Characteristics of Fomitopsis pinicola Extract in a Xenograft Mouse Model—a Preliminary Study." Nutrition and Cancer 72, no. 4: 645-652.

Discussion
Published: 31 July 2019 in Nutrients
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When it comes to nutrition, nearly everyone has an opinion. In the past, nutrition was considered to be an individual’s responsibility, however, more recently governments have been expected (by some) to share that responsibility by helping to ensure that marketing is responsible, and that food chains offer healthy meal choices in addition to their standard fare, for example. In some countries, governments have gone as far as to remove tax from unprocessed foods or to introduce taxes, such as that imposed on sugary soft drinks in the UK, Mexico, France and Norway. Following on from the sugar tax, chocolate might be next! Is this the answer to our burgeoning calorie intake and increasing poor nutritional status, or is there another approach? In this narrative we will focus on some of the approaches taken by communities and governments to address excess calorie intake and improve nutritional status, as well as some of the conflicts of interest and challenges faced with implementation. It is clear that in order to achieve meaningful change in the quality of nutritional intake and to reduce the long-term prevalence of obesity, a comprehensive approach is required wherein governments and communities work in genuine partnership. To take no or little action will doom much of today’s youth to a poor quality of life in later years, and a shorter life expectancy than their grandparents.

ACS Style

Syed M. Shahid; Karen S. Bishop. Comprehensive Approaches to Improving Nutrition: Future Prospects. Nutrients 2019, 11, 1760 .

AMA Style

Syed M. Shahid, Karen S. Bishop. Comprehensive Approaches to Improving Nutrition: Future Prospects. Nutrients. 2019; 11 (8):1760.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Syed M. Shahid; Karen S. Bishop. 2019. "Comprehensive Approaches to Improving Nutrition: Future Prospects." Nutrients 11, no. 8: 1760.

Journal article
Published: 19 July 2019 in Antioxidants
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Tomatoes have been associated with various health benefits, including the prevention of chronic diseases. The cis-isomers of lycopene occurring in tangerine tomatoes were, through clinical trials, proven to be more bioavailable than the all-trans lycopene found in red tomatoes. Nonetheless, scientific evidence regarding the bioactivities of the tangerine tomatoes is lacking. In this article, the antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties of extracts prepared from four different tomato varieties, namely Alfred, Olga's Round Golden Chicken Egg, Golden Green, and Golden Eye, were investigated. While the antioxidant capacities of the extracts were measured through the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays, their anti-proliferative properties in prostate cancer cell lines were examined through the Sulforhodamine-B (SRB) assay. The anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts were assessed through the toll-like receptor (TLR)2, TLR4, and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing protein 2 (NOD2)-mediated inflammatory pathways. Our results show that the tangerine tomatoes had lower IC50 values in both the anticancer and anti-inflammatory assays compared to the red tomatoes. Specifically, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of the tangerine tomatoes in LNCaP cells were approximately two to three fold lower than the red tomato (IC50: 14.46, 5.62, and 8.08 mg dry tomato equivalent/mL from Alfred hexane-acetone, Olga's Round Golden Chicken Egg hexane, and Golden Green hexane, respectively). These findings indicate that the tangerine varieties, Olga's Round Golden Chicken Egg and Golden Green, possess greater potential to be used in conjunction with treatment and for the prevention of cancer and inflammatory-related diseases than the Alfred (red) and Golden Eye (high beta-carotene) varieties.

ACS Style

Hartono Tanambell; Siew Young Quek; Karen Suzanne Bishop. Screening of In Vitro Health Benefits of Tangerine Tomatoes. Antioxidants 2019, 8, 230 .

AMA Style

Hartono Tanambell, Siew Young Quek, Karen Suzanne Bishop. Screening of In Vitro Health Benefits of Tangerine Tomatoes. Antioxidants. 2019; 8 (7):230.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hartono Tanambell; Siew Young Quek; Karen Suzanne Bishop. 2019. "Screening of In Vitro Health Benefits of Tangerine Tomatoes." Antioxidants 8, no. 7: 230.

Review
Published: 09 July 2019 in Healthcare
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Pancreatic cancer is a cancer with one of the highest mortality rates and many pancreatic cancer patients present with cachexia at diagnosis. The definition of cancer cachexia is not consistently applied in the clinic or across studies. In general, it is “defined as a multifactorial syndrome characterised by an ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass with or without loss of fat mass that cannot be fully reversed by conventional nutritional support and leads to progressive functional impairment.” Many regard cancer cachexia as being resistant to dietary interventions. Cachexia is associated with a negative impact on survival and quality of life. In this article, we outline some of the mechanisms of pancreatic cancer cachexia and discuss nutritional interventions to support the management of pancreatic cancer cachexia. Cachexia is driven by a combination of reduced appetite leading to reduced calorie intake, increased metabolism, and systemic inflammation driven by a combination of host cytokines and tumour derived factors. The ketogenic diet showed promising results, but these are yet to be confirmed in human clinical trials over the long-term. L-carnitine supplementation showed improved quality of life and an increase in lean body mass. As a first step towards preventing and managing pancreatic cancer cachexia, nutritional support should be provided through counselling and the provision of oral nutritional supplements to prevent and minimise loss of lean body mass.

ACS Style

Toni Mitchell; Lewis Clarke; Alexandra Goldberg; Karen S. Bishop. Pancreatic Cancer Cachexia: The Role of Nutritional Interventions. Healthcare 2019, 7, 89 .

AMA Style

Toni Mitchell, Lewis Clarke, Alexandra Goldberg, Karen S. Bishop. Pancreatic Cancer Cachexia: The Role of Nutritional Interventions. Healthcare. 2019; 7 (3):89.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Toni Mitchell; Lewis Clarke; Alexandra Goldberg; Karen S. Bishop. 2019. "Pancreatic Cancer Cachexia: The Role of Nutritional Interventions." Healthcare 7, no. 3: 89.

Journal article
Published: 08 July 2019 in Antioxidants
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The objective of this study was to investigate the potential effect of the polysaccharides isolated from Hericium novae-zealandiae, a native New Zealand fungus, on the in vitro proliferation of prostate cancer cell lines, gene expression, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and oxidation. One water-soluble and two alkali-soluble polysaccharide fractions were isolated from H. novae-zealandiae. The proliferation of the prostate cancer cell lines DU145, LNCaP, and PC3 was evaluated following treatment with these polysaccharide fractions. It was found that the polysaccharides possess anti-proliferative activity on LNCaP and PC3 cells, with a 50% growth inhibition (IC50) value as low as 0.61 mg/mL in LNCaP. Subsequently, it was determined through via RT-qPCR assay that apoptosis was one of the possible mechanisms responsible for the anti-proliferative activity in LNCaP. This was supported by the up-regulation of CASP3, CASP8, and CASP9. An alternative, discovered in PC3, was revealed to be anti-inflammation, which was hinted at by the down-regulation of IL6 and up-regulation of IL24. The polysaccharides also exhibited antioxidant and weak AChE inhibitory activities. This is the first report on the potential health benefits of polysaccharides prepared from the New Zealand fungus, H. novae-zealandiae.

ACS Style

Zhixia (Grace) Chen; Karen Suzanne Bishop; Hartono Tanambell; Peter Buchanan; Siew Young Quek. Assessment of In Vitro Bioactivities of Polysaccharides Isolated from Hericium Novae-Zealandiae. Antioxidants 2019, 8, 211 .

AMA Style

Zhixia (Grace) Chen, Karen Suzanne Bishop, Hartono Tanambell, Peter Buchanan, Siew Young Quek. Assessment of In Vitro Bioactivities of Polysaccharides Isolated from Hericium Novae-Zealandiae. Antioxidants. 2019; 8 (7):211.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhixia (Grace) Chen; Karen Suzanne Bishop; Hartono Tanambell; Peter Buchanan; Siew Young Quek. 2019. "Assessment of In Vitro Bioactivities of Polysaccharides Isolated from Hericium Novae-Zealandiae." Antioxidants 8, no. 7: 211.

Journal article
Published: 31 May 2019 in The Open Nutrition Journal
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Background: Adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet is associated with an extensive list of health benefits for people both with and without a disease. Objective: The objective of this study was to develop/modify a questionnaire to investigate the current adherence to a Mediterranean-style dietary eating pattern amongst the New Zealand male population, and to assess the association between perceived barriers to change and behaviours. Methods: The development of this questionnaire was based upon a modified 14-point validated Mediterranean diet adherence screener (PREDiMED) and included an additional section wherein we explored the reasons behind men’s food choices and barriers to healthy eating. Questionnaires were analysed from 295 men. Descriptive analyses were used to determine major barriers to change. Results: The modification of the PREDiMED questionnaire resulted in a 23 question questionnaire encompassing adherence, demographics and barriers to change. We found that 90.8% of respondents had either low or intermediate adherence to a Mediterranean style diet. Significant associations also existed between adherence and smoking (p=0.003), age (p< 0.01) and opinion of the importance of healthy eating (p< 0.01). We found participants felt the ‘major’ barrier to consume a healthy diet, to be a busy lifestyle, and the most common influencer of food choices was people. Conclusion: Through identifying how New Zealand men consume food and how they consider their barriers to change, we can better direct policy to aid changes in behaviour and integrate the Mediterranean style diet to complement the New Zealand food culture.

ACS Style

Karen S. Bishop; Weiming Yi; Isabella Piper-Jarrett; Marcus A. Henning. A Questionnaire-based Assessment of Dietary Adherence and Identification of Barriers to Healthy Eating. The Open Nutrition Journal 2019, 13, 1 -15.

AMA Style

Karen S. Bishop, Weiming Yi, Isabella Piper-Jarrett, Marcus A. Henning. A Questionnaire-based Assessment of Dietary Adherence and Identification of Barriers to Healthy Eating. The Open Nutrition Journal. 2019; 13 (1):1-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karen S. Bishop; Weiming Yi; Isabella Piper-Jarrett; Marcus A. Henning. 2019. "A Questionnaire-based Assessment of Dietary Adherence and Identification of Barriers to Healthy Eating." The Open Nutrition Journal 13, no. 1: 1-15.

Journal article
Published: 29 May 2019 in Molecules
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Feijoa is an aromatic fruit and the essential oil from feijoa peel could be a valuable by-product in the juicing industry. An initial comparison of the essential oil extraction methods, steam-distillation and hydro-distillation, was conducted. The volatile compounds in the essential oils from four feijoa cultivars were identified and semi-quantified by GC-MS and the aroma active compounds in each essential oil were characterized using SPME-GC-O-MS. Hydro-distillation, with a material to water ratio of 1:4 and an extraction time of 90 min, was the optimized extraction method for feijoa essential oil. The Wiki Tu cultivar produced the highest essential oil yield among the four selected cultivars. A total of 160 compounds were detected, among which 90 compounds were reported for the first time in feijoa essential oils. Terpenes and esters were dominant compounds in feijoa essential oil composition and were also major contributors to feijoa essential oil aroma. Key aroma active compounds in feijoa essential oils were α-terpineol, ethyl benzoate, (Z)-3-hexenyl hexanoate, linalool, (E)-geraniol, 2-undecanone, 3-octanone, α-cubebene, and germacrene D. This is the first report on the optimization of the extraction method and the establishment of the aroma profile of feijoa essential oils, with a comparison of four New Zealand grown cultivars.

ACS Style

Yaoyao Peng; Karen Suzanne Bishop; Siew Young Quek. Compositional Analysis and Aroma Evaluation of Feijoa Essential Oils from New Zealand Grown Cultivars. Molecules 2019, 24, 2053 .

AMA Style

Yaoyao Peng, Karen Suzanne Bishop, Siew Young Quek. Compositional Analysis and Aroma Evaluation of Feijoa Essential Oils from New Zealand Grown Cultivars. Molecules. 2019; 24 (11):2053.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yaoyao Peng; Karen Suzanne Bishop; Siew Young Quek. 2019. "Compositional Analysis and Aroma Evaluation of Feijoa Essential Oils from New Zealand Grown Cultivars." Molecules 24, no. 11: 2053.

Journal article
Published: 21 May 2019 in Antioxidants
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Feijoa fruit is becoming increasingly popular, yet limited studies have focused on the antioxidant capacity and phenolic profiling of its extracts. In this research, optimization of phenolic extraction from feijoa flesh, peel, and whole fruit from four New Zealand grown cultivars was conducted using orthogonal design. Antioxidant activities of the extracts were assessed, followed by phenolic profiling by a validated liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method. For feijoa flesh and whole fruit, the extraction was optimized using 70% ethanol, material to solvent ratio of 1:30, at extraction temperature of 50 °C for 30 min. For feijoa peel, extraction at 50 °C for 60 min using 50% ethanol with a material to solvent ratio of 1:30 were the optimized conditions. Results showed feijoa peel had higher total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activities than the flesh and whole fruit. Overall, the Unique cultivar had a relatively higher TPC and antioxidant activity than the other cultivars tested. A total of 15 phenolic compounds were identified, and seven of them were reported for the first time in feijoa fruit. This is the first systematic investigation on the extraction method, phenolic content, antioxidant activity and phenolic profile of feijoa emphasis on comparison of sample types and cultivars.

ACS Style

Yaoyao Peng; Karen Suzanne Bishop; Siew Young Quek. Extraction Optimization, Antioxidant Capacity and Phenolic Profiling of Extracts from Flesh, Peel and Whole Fruit of New Zealand Grown Feijoa Cultivars. Antioxidants 2019, 8, 141 .

AMA Style

Yaoyao Peng, Karen Suzanne Bishop, Siew Young Quek. Extraction Optimization, Antioxidant Capacity and Phenolic Profiling of Extracts from Flesh, Peel and Whole Fruit of New Zealand Grown Feijoa Cultivars. Antioxidants. 2019; 8 (5):141.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yaoyao Peng; Karen Suzanne Bishop; Siew Young Quek. 2019. "Extraction Optimization, Antioxidant Capacity and Phenolic Profiling of Extracts from Flesh, Peel and Whole Fruit of New Zealand Grown Feijoa Cultivars." Antioxidants 8, no. 5: 141.

Journal article
Published: 31 August 2018 in Nutrients
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Feijoa has been increasingly studied in the recent decade, while investigations into its bioactivities including anti-inflammatory activity are lacking. In this article, the cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory properties of feijoa extracts, from flesh, peel and whole fruit, from four cultivars namely APOLLO, UNIQUE, OPAL STAR and WIKI TU are presented. Three inflammatory pathways, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), TLR4 and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2), were investigated using genetically modified cell models namely HEK-Blue™ hTLR2, HEK-Blue™ hTLR4, NOD2-WT and NOD2-G908R. Results show that feijoa peel extract induced higher cytotoxicity than flesh and whole fruit extracts, and the APOLLO cultivar was the most anti-inflammatory among the four tested cultivars. The anti-inflammatory activity of feijoa flesh was detected only through the TLR2 pathway, and the activity of feijoa peel and whole fruit was evident mainly through the TLR2 and NOD2 pathways. Most notably, feijoa anti-inflammatory activity was superior to ibuprofen particularly through the TLR2 pathway, with significantly lower secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase IC50 concentrations (7.88, 12.81, 30.84 and 442.90 μg/mL for APOLLO flesh, peel, whole fruit extract and ibuprofen respectively). These findings indicate that feijoa has great potential to be used in the treatment and prevention of inflammation-related diseases including inflammatory bowel disease.

ACS Style

Yaoyao Peng; Karen Suzanne Bishop; Lynnette Robin Ferguson; Siew Young Quek. Screening of Cytotoxicity and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Feijoa Extracts Using Genetically Modified Cell Models Targeting TLR2, TLR4 and NOD2 Pathways, and the Implication for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nutrients 2018, 10, 1188 .

AMA Style

Yaoyao Peng, Karen Suzanne Bishop, Lynnette Robin Ferguson, Siew Young Quek. Screening of Cytotoxicity and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Feijoa Extracts Using Genetically Modified Cell Models Targeting TLR2, TLR4 and NOD2 Pathways, and the Implication for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nutrients. 2018; 10 (9):1188.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yaoyao Peng; Karen Suzanne Bishop; Lynnette Robin Ferguson; Siew Young Quek. 2018. "Screening of Cytotoxicity and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Feijoa Extracts Using Genetically Modified Cell Models Targeting TLR2, TLR4 and NOD2 Pathways, and the Implication for Inflammatory Bowel Disease." Nutrients 10, no. 9: 1188.

Journal article
Published: 25 January 2018 in Journal of Food and Nutrition Research
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ACS Style

Sung-Min Jun; Karen S. Bishop. An In Silico Study: Can the Modulation of miRNA Expression through a Diet that Promotes the Production of Butyrate and Consumption of Genistein and Quercetin, Impact Cancer? Journal of Food and Nutrition Research 2018, 6, 748 -759.

AMA Style

Sung-Min Jun, Karen S. Bishop. An In Silico Study: Can the Modulation of miRNA Expression through a Diet that Promotes the Production of Butyrate and Consumption of Genistein and Quercetin, Impact Cancer? Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2018; 6 (12):748-759.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sung-Min Jun; Karen S. Bishop. 2018. "An In Silico Study: Can the Modulation of miRNA Expression through a Diet that Promotes the Production of Butyrate and Consumption of Genistein and Quercetin, Impact Cancer?" Journal of Food and Nutrition Research 6, no. 12: 748-759.

Communication
Published: 02 June 2017 in Medical Sciences
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Weight gain after breast cancer diagnosis portends a poorer prognosis, and the majority of sufferers appear to gain weight. Metabolic syndrome is a common co-condition with breast cancer. The Mediterranean diet has been used to reduce excess weight, metabolic syndrome, and to improve the inflammatory profile, and therefore may offer the breast cancer survivor specific benefits over and above the currently recommended nutrition guidelines to eat a low fat, healthy diet. The aim of this randomised controlled trial was to investigate whether a Mediterranean (MD) or low-fat diet (LF) reduce weight and general health in survivors of stage 1–3 breast cancer through a six-month, six-session education package to support dietary change. A control dietary arm received no intervention. Outcome measures for weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood lipids, blood glucose, dietary adherence, 3-day food diary, and PREDIMED questionnaire and quality of life were assessed. Both dietary intervention arms, on average, lost weight over the course of the intervention, with significant (p < 0.05) decreases seen in BMI and waist circumference measurements. The control arm gained weight and significantly (p < 0.05) increased BMI and waist circumference measurements overall (1.10 ± 3.03 kg, 0.40 ± 1.65 kg/m2, and 1.94 ± 2.94 cm respectively). Positive trends in blood biomarkers were observed for the intervention arms. Dietary adherence was sufficient. Nutritional education and group support appears to exert beneficial effects on health in breast cancer survivors, of lesser importance is the type of diet that forms the basis of the education.

ACS Style

Andrea Braakhuis; Peta Campion; Karen Bishop. The Effects of Dietary Nutrition Education on Weight and Health Biomarkers in Breast Cancer Survivors. Medical Sciences 2017, 5, 12 .

AMA Style

Andrea Braakhuis, Peta Campion, Karen Bishop. The Effects of Dietary Nutrition Education on Weight and Health Biomarkers in Breast Cancer Survivors. Medical Sciences. 2017; 5 (2):12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrea Braakhuis; Peta Campion; Karen Bishop. 2017. "The Effects of Dietary Nutrition Education on Weight and Health Biomarkers in Breast Cancer Survivors." Medical Sciences 5, no. 2: 12.

Journals
Published: 21 February 2017 in Molecular BioSystems
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Genes with SNPs that were significantly associated with risk for aggressive and non-aggressive prostate cancer were identified.

ACS Style

Venkatesh Vaidyanathan; Vijay Naidu; Chi Hsiu-Juei Kao; Nishi Karunasinghe; Karen S. Bishop; Alice Wang; Radha Pallati; Phillip Shepherd; Jonathan Masters; Shuotun Zhu; Megan Goudie; Mohanraj Krishnan; Anower Jabed; Gareth Marlow; Ajit Narayanan; Lynnette R. Ferguson. Environmental factors and risk of aggressive prostate cancer among a population of New Zealand men – a genotypic approach. Molecular BioSystems 2017, 13, 681 -698.

AMA Style

Venkatesh Vaidyanathan, Vijay Naidu, Chi Hsiu-Juei Kao, Nishi Karunasinghe, Karen S. Bishop, Alice Wang, Radha Pallati, Phillip Shepherd, Jonathan Masters, Shuotun Zhu, Megan Goudie, Mohanraj Krishnan, Anower Jabed, Gareth Marlow, Ajit Narayanan, Lynnette R. Ferguson. Environmental factors and risk of aggressive prostate cancer among a population of New Zealand men – a genotypic approach. Molecular BioSystems. 2017; 13 (4):681-698.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Venkatesh Vaidyanathan; Vijay Naidu; Chi Hsiu-Juei Kao; Nishi Karunasinghe; Karen S. Bishop; Alice Wang; Radha Pallati; Phillip Shepherd; Jonathan Masters; Shuotun Zhu; Megan Goudie; Mohanraj Krishnan; Anower Jabed; Gareth Marlow; Ajit Narayanan; Lynnette R. Ferguson. 2017. "Environmental factors and risk of aggressive prostate cancer among a population of New Zealand men – a genotypic approach." Molecular BioSystems 13, no. 4: 681-698.

Review article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Genetics & Epigenetics
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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer mortality globally. Development of CRC is closely associated with lifestyle, and diet may modulate risk. A Western-style diet is characterised by a high intake of red meat but low consumption of fruit, vegetables, and whole cereals. Such a diet is associated with CRC risks. It has been demonstrated that butyrate, produced by the fermentation of dietary plant fibre, can alter both genetic and epigenetic expressions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that are commonly present in both normal and tumour cells. Aberrant miRNA expression is associated with CRC initiation, progression, and metastasis. In addition, butyrate can modulate cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and miRNA expression in CRC. In this review, the effects of butyrate on modulating miRNA expression in CRC will be discussed. Furthermore, evidence on the effect of butyrate on CRC risk through reducing oncogenic miRNA expression will be presented.

ACS Style

Karen S Bishop; Huawen Xu; Gareth Marlow. Epigenetic Regulation of Gene Expression Induced by Butyrate in Colorectal Cancer: Involvement of MicroRNA. Genetics & Epigenetics 2017, 9, 1 .

AMA Style

Karen S Bishop, Huawen Xu, Gareth Marlow. Epigenetic Regulation of Gene Expression Induced by Butyrate in Colorectal Cancer: Involvement of MicroRNA. Genetics & Epigenetics. 2017; 9 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karen S Bishop; Huawen Xu; Gareth Marlow. 2017. "Epigenetic Regulation of Gene Expression Induced by Butyrate in Colorectal Cancer: Involvement of MicroRNA." Genetics & Epigenetics 9, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Clinical Medicine Insights: Oncology
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Introduction: Reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) is a common side effect of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). We aimed to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal variation in BMD and associated bone markers in patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer (PCa) managed with and without ADT. Methods: Bone mineral density of the total body, lumbar spine, femoral neck, ultradistal forearm, and one-third distal radius was measured in 88 patients with PCa without bone metastases at baseline and at 6 months. Patients were categorized into 4 groups: (1) acute ADT (≤6 months), (2) chronic ADT (>6 months), (3) former ADT, and (4) no ADT (controls). Serum levels of bone metabolism markers, procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP) and C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), were also measured. Results: In the cross-sectional analysis, men receiving chronic ADT had significantly lower total body BMD as compared with former ADT users and men with no ADT. In longitudinal analysis, a significant reduction in ultradistal forearm BMD was observed in both acute and chronic ADT users after 6 months (4.08% and 2.7%, P = .012 and .026, respectively). A significant reduction in total body BMD was observed in acute ADT users (2.99%, P = .032). Former ADT users had a significant increase in both lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD (2.84% and 1.59%, P = .008 and .002, respectively). The changes in BMD were not significantly different between acute and chronic ADT users. In the cross-sectional analysis, higher levels of PINP and CTX were observed in acute and chronic ADT users than former ADT users or PCa controls. In longitudinal analysis, the level of serum PINP and CTX did not change significantly from baseline to 6 months in acute, chronic, and former ADT users, or PCa controls, and the percentage change did not differ among the 4 groups. Conclusions: Men on acute ADT had a similar rate of bone loss to men on chronic ADT. Reversibility in ADT-induced bone loss was observed in those who discontinued ADT. Serum levels of PINP and CTX were higher in acute and chronic ADT users and levels returned to the range of PCa controls when treatment was withdrawn.

ACS Style

Alice Wang; Nishi Karunasinghe; Lindsay Plank; Shuotun Zhu; Sue Osborne; Karen Bishop; Charis Brown; Tiffany Schwass; Jonathan Masters; Michael Holmes; Roger Huang; Christine Keven; Lynnette Ferguson; Ross Lawrenson. Effect of Androgen Deprivation Therapy on Bone Mineral Density in a Prostate Cancer Cohort in New Zealand: A Pilot Study. Clinical Medicine Insights: Oncology 2017, 11, 1 .

AMA Style

Alice Wang, Nishi Karunasinghe, Lindsay Plank, Shuotun Zhu, Sue Osborne, Karen Bishop, Charis Brown, Tiffany Schwass, Jonathan Masters, Michael Holmes, Roger Huang, Christine Keven, Lynnette Ferguson, Ross Lawrenson. Effect of Androgen Deprivation Therapy on Bone Mineral Density in a Prostate Cancer Cohort in New Zealand: A Pilot Study. Clinical Medicine Insights: Oncology. 2017; 11 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alice Wang; Nishi Karunasinghe; Lindsay Plank; Shuotun Zhu; Sue Osborne; Karen Bishop; Charis Brown; Tiffany Schwass; Jonathan Masters; Michael Holmes; Roger Huang; Christine Keven; Lynnette Ferguson; Ross Lawrenson. 2017. "Effect of Androgen Deprivation Therapy on Bone Mineral Density in a Prostate Cancer Cohort in New Zealand: A Pilot Study." Clinical Medicine Insights: Oncology 11, no. : 1.

Review
Published: 06 September 2016 in Nutrients
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Evidence from numerous observational and clinical studies suggest that polyphenolic phytochemicals such as phenolic acids in olive oil, flavonols in tea, chocolate and grapes, and isoflavones in soy products reduce the risk of breast cancer. A dietary food pattern naturally rich in polyphenols is the Mediterranean diet and evidence suggests those of Mediterranean descent have a lower breast cancer incidence. Whilst dietary polyphenols have been the subject of breast cancer risk-reduction, this review will focus on the clinical effects of polyphenols on reducing recurrence. Overall, we recommend breast cancer patients consume a diet naturally high in flavonol polyphenols including tea, vegetables (onion, broccoli), and fruit (apples, citrus). At least five servings of vegetables and fruit daily appear protective. Moderate soy protein consumption (5–10 g daily) and the Mediterranean dietary pattern show the most promise for breast cancer patients. In this review, we present an overview of clinical trials on supplementary polyphenols of dietary patterns rich in polyphenols on breast cancer recurrence, mechanistic data, and novel delivery systems currently being researched.

ACS Style

Andrea J. Braakhuis; Peta Campion; Karen S. Bishop. Reducing Breast Cancer Recurrence: The Role of Dietary Polyphenolics. Nutrients 2016, 8, 547 .

AMA Style

Andrea J. Braakhuis, Peta Campion, Karen S. Bishop. Reducing Breast Cancer Recurrence: The Role of Dietary Polyphenolics. Nutrients. 2016; 8 (9):547.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrea J. Braakhuis; Peta Campion; Karen S. Bishop. 2016. "Reducing Breast Cancer Recurrence: The Role of Dietary Polyphenolics." Nutrients 8, no. 9: 547.