Hieronymiella peruviana (Amaryllidaceae, Amaryllidoideae, Eustephieae), a new species from the Department of Moquegua in southern Peru, is described and illustrated. This species is distinguished by having winged staminal filaments with crisscrossed sickle-shaped appendages, grows on dry slopes in semi-arid areas with pumice soils near the Huaynaputina volcano. This is the first record of Hieronymiella for the Flora of Peru. Its conservation status is assessed.

A new species of the genus Hippeastrum (Amaryllidaceae, Amaryllidoideae, Hippeastreae), collected at Escoipe area (Salta, Argentina), is here described as H. escoipense. Due to its morphological affinities, it was erroneously considered under the binomial H. argentinum, a species from which it differs by its three-lobed stigma and erect leaves (vs. trifid stigma, curved leaves). We provide information on geographic location, habitat description, conservation status assessment, along with a key to differentiate it from related species from Argentina and Bolivia, and the comparative chemical profile of alkaloids between this new entity and H. argentinum.

A new species, Mastigostyla moqueguensis Huaylla & Llalla, is described from the Andes of Moquegua in southern Peru. Mastigostyla, which belongs to the tribe Tigridieae, is widely distributed in the Puna and Andean dry valleys of southern Peru and central Bolivia. The new species can be recognized by its ovate-lanceolate, acute inner tepals with glands at the base. It shows some affnity with M. torotoroensis because of the fliform, bifid style arms with apical stigmas. We present photographs and a table highlighting differences between the new specie and some similar species.

The Amaryllidaceae family represents a prolific source of pharmacologically active compounds, boasting over 700 diverse alkaloids identified to date. However, the genus Eustephia (Amaryllidoideae subfamily) remains largely unexplored. This study focused on the alkaloid profiles and pharmacological potential of bulb and leaves extracts from three Peruvian Eustephia species (E. coccinea, E. darwinii, and E. hugoei). The phenolic and flavonoid levels as well as the antioxidant activity of the methanolic extracts, were determined. Twenty-six alkaloids were identified in the alkaloid-enriched extracts (AEEs). Homolycorine-type alkaloids predominated in E. darwinii and E. hugoei, whereas E. coccinea displayed greater chemical diversity showing assoanine as the main detected alkaloid. In addition, candimine was widely distributed across species. AEEs showed stronger enzyme inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) compared to butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). Notably, the AEE from E. coccinea leaves showed the highest AChE inhibition (IC₅₀ = 1.82 μg/mL), while the AEE from bulbs exhibited the strongest BuChE inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ = 61.22 μg/mL). Regarding anti-T. cruzi effect, the E. darwinii bulbs AEE was most potent and selective against amastigote forms (IC₅₀ = 2.1 μg/mL; SI = 8.83). These findings underscore the potential of Peruvian Eustephia species as promising sources of pharmacologically relevant alkaloids, with possible applications in neurodegenerative disorders and Chagas disease.