Thermal runaway (TR) remains a critical bottleneck for the safe application of lithium-ion battery (LIB) in large-scale energy storage systems, arising from the instability of battery materials under high temperatures. This review systematically summarizes materials design strategies to suppress TR, focusing on modifications of cathodes, anodes, separators, and electrolytes. For cathodes, surface coating and bulk doping enhance the structural stability and thermal decomposition temperature of high-Ni materials, while nanoscale engineering and carbon networks improve the electronic conductivity and interfacial stability of LiFePO₄ (LFP). For anodes, surface modification of graphite suppresses solid-electrolyte interphase degradation, and nanostructured silicon-based composites mitigate thermal failure caused by volume expansion. Separator functionalization, including ceramic coating, inorganic separators, and thermal shutdown separators, enhances thermo-mechanical stability and enables thermally triggered ion blocking. Flame-retardant electrolytes incorporate phosphorus-based, organosilicon, and halogenated additives that act through combined gas- and condensed-phase mechanisms. The review further discusses challenges in interfacial compatibility, system integration, and trade-offs among multiple performance metrics. Future efforts should focus on integrating intrinsic thermal stability with smart safety functions to achieve both high energy density and inherent safety. This review provides a systematic reference for the design and industrialization of high-safety materials for LIBs.

This study proposes a prediction method for ceramic matrix composite thin plates (CMCTPs) with protective coatings under high-temperature conditions, based on the first-order shear deformation theory and the energy principle while considering thermal effects. It can successfully predict the variations in natural frequencies and resonant responses of CMCTPs over the experimentally validated temperature range of 25 °C to 800 °C, using a thermo-vibrational platform with a maximum temperature capability of 1500 °C. In addition, a thorough investigation of multiple key parameter influences on the dynamic characteristics of CMCTPs with and without coating is performed, with special focus on the effect of the coating on enhancing the thermo-vibrational resistance of such structures. The analytical results demonstrate that the protective coating significantly enhances the thermo-vibrational resistance of the structure. Optimization of the coating-to-substrate thickness ratio, elastic modulus ratio, and thermal expansion coefficient ratio is recommended to maximize vibration suppression performance, providing critical guidance for the dynamic design of coated CMCTP components in aerospace.