As offshore wind power continues to develop, with increased capacity and ability to function in deeper waters, jacket-type offshore wind turbines (OWTs) are becoming increasingly challenged by complex environmental loads and significant structural vibration issues. This study focuses on a 10 MW jacket foundation OWT and proposes an optimization approach for tuned mass damper (TMD) parameters based on the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm. A fully coupled model of the OWT and TMD system is developed, and the TMD parameters are optimized through frequency-domain analysis and time-domain simulations. The vibration control performance of the optimized TMD is then evaluated under combined wind, wave, and seismic excitations. The results show that the passive TMD achieves substantially greater vibration suppression under seismic loading compared to combined wind and wave conditions. In addition, the optimized TMD reduces the standard deviations of tower-top displacement and tower-base bending moment by more than 50%, significantly enhancing the dynamic response of the structure and contributing to an extended fatigue life.