In this paper, a method for adjusting the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) coefficients based on the neutrosophic similarity measure is proposed. First, rough PID coefficients were determined by the Ziegler–Nichols method, and the upper and lower limit values for the search range of the PID coefficients were determined. At each step of the search range, we applied a unit step function to the system and obtained the transient response characteristics. The obtained values were converted into a neutrosophic set (real set) by using defined membership functions. Then, the optimal PID coefficients were obtained using the similarity ratio between the real and ideal (target) neutrosophic sets. In calculating the similarity ratio, the Hamming, Euclidean, Set-theoretic, Jaccard, and Dice approaches were applied, and the results were compared. Finally, the proposed method was tested on two transfer functions, and it was demonstrated that the proposed method can be used to adjust PID coefficients.

Manyetik levitasyon sistemleri, mühendislik sistemlerinde sürtünmeyi en aza indiren çözümler sunduğundan, güncel mühendislik çalışmalarına tabidirler. Bu çalışmada, yeni bir PI-PD kontrolcü tasarım prosedürü sunulmuştur. PI-PD kontrolcüleri, bir PI (iç çevrim) ve bir PD (dış çevrim) kombinasyonundan oluşur. İç çevrimin amacı, açık çevrim kararsız sistemi kararlı kılmaktır. Dış çevrimin amacı, kapalı çevrim sisteminin toplam performans gereksinimlerini sağlamaktır. Tasarım prosedürü, kontrolcü parametreleri düzleminde kararlılık sınır eğrisi kullanılarak çizilen kararlı bölgenin elde edilmesine ve bu bölgenin ağırlıklı geometrik merkezinin (AGM) hesaplanmasına dayanır. Tasarım prosedüründe, ilk olarak, iç çevrim için PD kontrolcü parametrelerinin düzlemindeki kararlı bölge ve bunun ağırlıklı geometrik merkezi hesaplanır. İç çevrim, belirtilen AGM kontrol parametreleri kullanılarak tek bir bloğa indirgenir ve ardından prosedür, farklı tasarımlarda faz ve kazanç marjı performans gereksinimlerini uygulayan bir test fonksiyonu kullanılarak dış çevrim PI denetleyicisi için tekrarlanır. Deneysel çalışma, önerilen metodoloji ile tasarlanan PI-PD kontrolcünün literatürde bulunan alternatiflere göre daha üstün performans sergilediğini göstermektedir.

Kumaş üretiminde yüzey hatalarını tespit etmek için gerçek zamanlı hata tespit sistemlerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Mevcut durumda örgü kumaş üretiminde gerçek zamanlı hata tespit sistemi yoktur. Bu çalışmada gerçek zamanlı kumaş hatası tespit sistemi geliştirilmiş ve yuvarlak örgü makinesi üzerinde test edilmiştir. Kumaş görüntüsünün dokusal özellikleri Fourier dönüşümü temelinde çıkarılmıştır. Bu dokusal özellikler 7 tane olup kumaş görüntüsünün Fourier frekans spektrumunun yatay ve dikey yönlerinden hesaplanmıştır. Önerilen metodunun performansı ilk olarak kapsamlı veri tabanı temel alınarak gerçek zamanlı olmayan çalışmalar yolu ile değerlendirilmiştir. Önerilen metot gerçek zamanlı kontrolde de başarı sağlayabilecek üstün bir performans elde etmiştir. İkinci olarak, endüstriyel şartlarda etkin bir kumaş hatası kontrolü için gerçek zamanlı makine görmesi sistemi tasarlanmıştır. Gerçek zamanlı hata tespit sistemi çizgi kamera tarafından elde edilen kumaş görüntüleri analiz edilerek test edilmiştir. Deneysel sonuçlar önerilen hata tespit modelinin yaygın örgü kumaş hatalarını başarılı bir şekilde tespit edebildiğini göstermiştir.

In this study, the effect of the Fractional Fuzzy Inference System (FFIS) on the performance of the fuzzy logic-based control system was examined, with comparisons made to both a typical fuzzy controller and a PID controller. Additionally, a Genetic Algorithm (GA) was utilized to fine-tune the universe of input and output variables for the Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) built with FFIS. A high-order system, in which control with classical methods is considered difficult, was chosen to be employed for the performance evaluation. As a result, it has been observed that the use of FFIS in controlling the high-order system leads to a more satisfactory control performance. This study demonstrates that FFIS has the capacity to enhance performance in fuzzy logic-based control systems and can serve as a more effective control strategy.

Position control is required in many industrial applications. In this paper, several control methods; namely servo, fuzzy logic and neuro-fuzzy position controls implemented in ST52 microcontroller and laboratory test results of these methods are introduced. Fuzzystudio3.0 and Adaptive Fuzzy Modeller software packages have been used for the program development. The response of designed control systems to any desired position changes is measured, and the performance and speed for fuzzy, neuro-fuzzy and servo controllers in setting a desired position are examined. The designed software and installation steps are described and structure and listings of the control programs are presented.

Renewable energy sources (RESs) enable sustainable and environmentally friendly electricity generation. However, their intermittent nature makes it difficult to maintain energy balance. Smart grids (SGs) address this challenge by enabling grid control under variable demand and fluctuating generation. With the growing share of distributed generation, dynamic energy pricing has become increasingly important for sustaining the supply–demand balance in SGs. This study aims to regulate the interaction between variable demand and distributed generation in SGs using control strategies. The dynamic pricing framework was analyzed using closed-loop Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID), Fractional-Order PID (FOPID)- and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)-based FOPID controllers. PID and FOPID parameters were tuned by pole placement with reference model matching, while the FOPID parameters in the ANFIS-FOPID structure were adaptively optimized using ANFIS. Energy supply–demand models were developed in MATLAB/Simulink, and the effects of each controller on system dynamics and energy prices were comparatively examined. The results indicate that ANFIS-FOPID achieves lower overshoot, shorter settling time, and more stable balancing performance, owing to its fractional-order flexibility and optimized parameters. In the model established in the MATLAB/Simulink environment, the controllers were evaluated based on integral of squared error (ISE), time-weighted integral absolute error (ITAE), root mean square error (RMSE), average unit energy price, price volatility, and coefficient of variation. A virtual energy storage model was added to the system. Disturbance and load change scenarios were also examined. The results showed that the ANFIS-FOPID controller provided the most balanced performance in terms of error reduction, suppression of price fluctuations, and reduction of the average unit energy price.