To assess the additional detection rate (ADR) of within-patient comparisons of Narrow band imaging (NBI) and white light cystoscopy (WLC) for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) detection and compare the impact of NBI and WLC on bladder cancer recurrence risk. We searched relevant studies from PubMed, Embase, Medline, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library database for all articles in English published beforeJuly26^th, 2016. Pooled ADR, diagnostic accuracy, relative risk (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Twenty-five studies including 17 full texts and eight meeting abstracts were included for analysis. Compared to WLC, pooled ADR of NBI for NMIBC diagnosis was 9.9% (95% CI: 0.05–0.14) and 18.6% (95% CI: 0.15–0.25) in per-patient and per-lesion analysis, respectively. Pooled ADR of NBI for carcinoma in situ (CIS) diagnosis was 25.1% (95% CI: 0.09–0.42) and 31.1% (95% CI: 0.24–0.39) for per-patient and per-lesion analyses, respectively. The pooled sensitivity of NBI was significantly higher than WLC both at the per-patient (95.8% vs. 81.6%) and per-lesion levels (94.8% vs. 72.4%). In addition, NBI significantly reduced the recurrence rate of bladder cancer with a pooled RR value of 0.43 (95% CI: 0.23–0.79) and0.81 (95% CI: 0.69–0.95) at month three and twelve, respectively. NBI is a valid technique that improves the diagnosis of NMIBC and CIS compared to standard WLC either at per-patient or per-lesion level. It can reduce the recurrence rate of bladder cancer accordingly.

Aims: To estimate the impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection on spontaneous abortion, spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB), pregnancy rate of females undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (ART), and spontaneous abortion of ART pregnancy. Methods: PubMed, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched until December 16, 2016. The OR or relative risk (RR) with its corresponding 95% CI were selected as effect size. Subgroup analysis of HPV genotype infection (high-risk HPV [HR-HPV] or indiscriminate genotype) was performed. Statistical analysis was conducted using STATA 12.0. Results: Eighteen studies were included. Eight studies revealed no significant association between HPV infection and spontaneous abortion (OR 1.40, 95% CI 0.56–3.50). However, subgroup analysis showed indiscriminate genotype HPV infection increased the ratio of spontaneous abortion with OR of 2.24 (95% CI 1.37–3.65), while HR-HPV infection had no significant effect (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.21–1.98). The results indicated that HR-HPV infection was a risk for sPTB with a pooled OR of 2.84 (95% CI 1.95–4.14). HPV infection was found to be independent of the ART-based clinical pregnancy rate (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.64–1.70) and spontaneous abortion of ART pregnancy (RR 1.47, 95% CI 0.86–2.50). Conclusions: Indiscriminate HPV genotype infection can increase the risk of spontaneous abortion and HR-HPV infection was a risk factor for sPTB. However, there was not enough evidence to indicate the association between HPV infection and pregnancy rate of ART, and spontaneous abortion of ART pregnancy. Different genotypes of HPV infection may play a discrepant role in adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted virus in males and females worldwide; yet its impact upon male fertility remains unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential impact of HPV infection in semen on male fertility abnormality. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library database for relevant publications up to May 6, 2017. The odds ratio (OR), and its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI), was selected to represent the effect size. Statistical analysis was conducted using STATA 12.0. In total, eight articles, providing data on 1955 participants, were included in this meta-analysis. Collectively, the data suggested that HPV infection of semen was a risk factor for male fertility abnormality with an OR of 3.02 (95% CI: 2.11–4.32; I² = 6.9%). Sensitivity analysis revealed that the results of this study were robust. In conclusion, HPV infection of semen represents a risk factor for male fertility abnormality.

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