In this paper, a conformable antenna operating at 12GHz is proposed. The antenna is composed of six Chebyshev linear array antennas (CLAAs) around the surface of cylinder. Liquid metal is used to print the antenna pattern on the flexible PDMS dielectric substrate to adapt to the cylinders with different radii. Each CLAA is connected to a radio frequency switch. The beam scanning of the antenna can be realized by controlling the on and off of each switch in turn. Single row of array antenna can achieve maximum measured gain of 14.8dBi. The performances of proposed conformable array antenna in different bending radii have also been investigated.

As an essential component for wireless power transmission and energy harvesting (EH), rectennas have received increasing attention in recent years. This article presents a flexible rectenna design based on a printed liquid metal additive manufacturing process, offering advantages, such as low cost, high reliability, repeatability, and excellent mechanical adaptability. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is used as the substrate, providing high flexibility and good conformability. The proposed rectenna consists of a Chebyshev-fed linear monopole antenna array and a compact rectifying circuit. The antenna achieves a gain exceeding 7 dBi over the 2–3-GHz frequency range, with a gain of 9.8 dBi at 2.4 GHz and radiation efficiency above 80%. It also exhibits a wide beamwidth, with a half-power beamwidth (HPBW) of 98° in the H-plane at 3 GHz, allowing for bidirectional radiation. The rectifier shows over 40% efficiency at 0-dBm input power, above 60% at 10 dBm, and retains 28% efficiency at −12 dBm. Finally, the integrated rectenna was evaluated under various conformal conditions, confirming its stable performance.

In this paper, a 10×10 conformal reflectarray antenna (RA) operating at 9 GHz is designed and fabricated based on flexible materials. By controlling the operating state of the PIN diode in each element to change the phase distribution, the designed RA can realize beam-scanning within the range of ±45°. Furthermore, the elements can provide more accurate conformal compensation phase for RA at different bending degrees to minimize the deterioration of the radiation characteristics due to the array bending. The RA prototype made of flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and printed liquid metal was mounted on acrylic supports with different bending degrees during the measurements to investigate the conformal radiation characteristics. The peak gain of the conformal RA is up to 16.13 dBi.

The expansion of paper-based and wearable microwave electronics demands conductors that are highly conductive, finely patterned, mechanically robust, and compatible with low-cost, biodegradable substrates. This study reports a laser-scribing strategy for high-performance copper–liquid metal (Cu–LM) conductors on paper based on laser sintering of Cu–LM composite particles, with an auxiliary adhesive transfer step to facilitate integration on flexible substrates. Laser-induced reactive sintering creates a network wherein sintered liquid metal and CuGa₂ acts as a conductive bridge, interconnecting the dispersed Cu particles. This provides efficient electron transport pathways, achieving a high conductivity of 4.2 × 10⁶ S/m under optimal laser conditions, surpassing that of pure eutectic gallium–indium (EGaIn) alloys. The self-healing nature of LM enables exceptional mechanical flexibility and stable electrical performance under severe deformation. The utility of this platform is demonstrated by a miniaturized microwave liquid level sensor that provides multi-parameter water-level detection and sensor calibration. These results establish laser-scribed Cu–LM on paper as a low-cost and disposable option for high-performance microwave sensors and flexible wireless electronics.