Sustainable management of natural resources requires tools that enable a comprehensive analysis of patterns of use, change and conservation of ecosystems. In this context, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) have established themselves as key technologies for analyzing and promoting the sustainable management of forest ecosystems and other natural resources. This study aimed to analyze the evolution, structure, and trends in scientific output regarding the use of GIS and remote sensing in natural resource management, with an emphasis on forest management, during the period from 1985 to 2025. A systematic bibliometric analysis was conducted using Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect, with the literature identification and selection process reported in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, yielding a final dataset of 679 documents. The results show sustained growth (5% annually), with an increase in citations. The output is concentrated in specialized journals and countries such as the United States and China. From a thematic perspective, the studies focus on forest ecosystems (81%), with a predominance of raster data use (91%). It is concluded that the research field is expanding, with significant advances since the year 2000, consolidating itself as a key area for the monitoring and sustainable management of forest resources. Likewise, the predominance of raster data use reflects an orientation toward large-scale spatial analyses, supported by open-access remote sensing platforms with continuous spatial coverage.

Detailed knowledge of biodiversity is fundamental to supporting conservation and management strategies in protected natural areas, especially in mountain systems located in biogeographic transition zones (Chihuahuan Desert and Sierra Madre Oriental regions). The Sierra de Zapalinamé State Natural Reserve is a priority system in northeastern Mexico; however, comprehensive long-term inventories of its terrestrial vertebrate fauna have been limited. The objective of this study was to comprehensively characterize the richness and composition of the terrestrial vertebrate fauna of the Sierra de Zapalinamé State Natural Reserve using a long-term, multi-source dataset integrating systematic field surveys, biological collections, and citizen science records, and to assess the extent to which the reserve represents the vertebrate diversity of northeastern Mexico. A total of 415 terrestrial vertebrate species were recorded, comprising 299 birds, 67 mammals, 42 reptiles, and 7 amphibians. Despite its proximity to urban areas and industrial activities, the reserve maintains high levels of biodiversity, harboring a substantial proportion of the terrestrial vertebrate fauna of northeastern Mexico. The results emphasize the importance of the Sierra de Zapalinamé State Natural Reserve as a regional biodiversity hotspot and support the strengthening of long-term monitoring and management strategies to improve wildlife conservation in underrepresented ecoregions facing increasing environmental pressures.