With the rapid development of the world economy in recent years, the mineral resources in the shallow part of the Earth can no longer meet the needs of mankind, and resource development is continually moving into the deep part of the Earth. The filling method, in particular, has gradually been employed for the treatment of mining goaves in response to the requirements of environmentally sustainable development. As an important part of the filling system, the wear and tear of the deep filling pipeline is of great significance to the normal operation of the system, the safe production of the mine and the reasonable protection of the environment. In this paper, the wear situation of the deep well vertical filling pipeline is selected as the analysis angle to carry out the research, and the risk assessment model is constructed by combining the distance discriminant weighting method and the cloud model for the uncertainty of the wear risk grading assessment. Firstly, 11 quantitative factors and three qualitative factors were selected as evaluation indicators and employed as cloud model variables. Appropriate cloud model digital features were picked based on cloud model theory, to construct the cloud model of each indicator. Secondly, the distance discriminant weighting method is introduced to obtain the weight of each indicator, and the risk level of the vertical filling pipeline in deep wells is obtained by calculating the comprehensive certainty of the risk evaluation object belonging to different levels. Finally, the model was applied to Dongguashan Copper Mine, and the model calculation results were analyzed and compared with the actual wear situation. The results show that the model transforms the ambiguity and randomness into a certain quantitative value of certainty, completing the map from qualitative to quantitative. This method introduces a new idea and method for dealing with similar problems of vertical filling pipes in deep wells.

Cemented backfill material is an important technical means for improving the safety, efficiency, and environmental sustainability of underground mining. In tailings-free mining conditions, however, suitable aggregates for cemented backfill are often limited, making it necessary to identify alternative aggregates and optimize their mix proportions. To address this issue, clay-bearing crushed stone was selected as the primary aggregate for a tailings-free bauxite mine, and its effects on the mechanical properties, slurry stability, and rheological properties of cemented backfill material were systematically investigated. Crushed stone ratio, mass concentration, and fly ash ratio were used as experimental factors, and 24 experimental mixes were designed to determine the 3-day compressive strength, bleeding rate, and yield stress. Based on the experimental results, response surface regression models were established, and multi-objective optimization was performed using cost analysis, NSGA-II, and entropy-weighted TOPSIS. The results showed that the system containing clay-bearing crushed stone exhibited better stability than the clay-free crushed stone system. The response surface models for 3-day compressive strength, bleeding rate, and yield stress were all significant, with p-values below 0.0001 and R² values of 0.9658, 0.9306, and 0.8704, respectively. Comprehensive optimization gave the optimal mix proportions as a crushed stone ratio of 6.9721, a mass concentration of 0.82, and a fly ash ratio of 1, corresponding to a predicted 3-day compressive strength of 0.9629 MPa, a bleeding rate of 3.73%, and a cost of 68.225 RMB/t. For engineering application, the recommended mix proportions were adjusted to X₁ = 7, X₂ = 0.82, and X₃ = 1. Parallel tests gave a 3-day compressive strength of 0.99 MPa and a bleeding rate of 3.52%, both within the 95% prediction interval. These results demonstrate that clay-bearing crushed stone can serve as a feasible alternative aggregate for cemented backfill material under tailings-free conditions and that the proposed method combining response surface modeling with multi-objective optimization can effectively balance early strength, slurry stability, and material cost.

To address the issues of severe goaf collapse, difficulties in secondary extraction, and insufficient pillar stability encountered during the mining of high stopes north of Line 60 at the Dongguashan Copper Mine, this paper takes these high stopes as the research object. Based on an analysis of the engineering geological conditions, goaf failure characteristics, and current mining status in this area, a study on pillar stability and the mechanical behavior of combined mining is conducted. Given the susceptibility of pillars with high aspect ratios to bending instability, the secondary extraction pillar is simplified as a rod with fixed ends. A mechanical model for the triangular pillar’s stability is established, the critical instability equation is derived, and the influence of the reserved width on the pillar’s critical stress and safety factor is analyzed. Subsequently, based on the critical instability equation, the relationship between the reserved pillar width and critical stress is obtained to optimize the pillar dimensions. Simultaneously, to mitigate the adverse effects of primary stope collapse on secondary extraction, optimized schemes such as three-stope combined mining and two-stope combined mining are proposed. A mechanical model for combined mining is established based on the Protodyakonov’s arch theory to analyze the stress distribution characteristics of the surrounding rock in the goaf under different mining schemes. The calculated stress of the original rectangular pillar is 29.01 MPa. When the reserved width exceeds 4 m, the pillar safety factor becomes greater than 1.6, satisfying the stability requirement. In addition, three combined mining schemes were compared using Protodyakonov’s arch theory. The goaf spans of the three schemes are 40 m, 26.6 m, and 36 m, respectively. The results indicate that the two-stope combined mining scheme transfers the main roof load to the adjacent ore body and backfill, reducing the load borne by the barrier pillar and providing a better balance between safety and production efficiency. The proposed framework, integrating field goaf detection, pillar buckling analysis, reserved-width optimization, and combined mining comparison, provides a practical method for the stability control and secondary recovery of deep high stopes.