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Zongxue Xu
Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

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Journal article
Published: 29 July 2021 in Remote Sensing
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Rapid urbanization leads to changes in urban micro meteorology, such as the urban heat island effect and rain island effect, which eventually brings about urban waterlogging and other problems. In this study, the data of precipitation, temperatures and impervious surfaces with long series and high resolution are used to study the rain island effect in Jinan City, China. MK-Sen’s slope estimator, Pettitt test and Pearson correlation analysis are used to quantitatively analyze the impact of urban expansion on extreme climate indices. The results show that Jinan City has experienced rapid urbanization since the 1978 economic reform, and the impervious surface areas have increased from 311.68 km2 (3.04%) in 1978 to 2389.50 km2 (23.33%) in 2017. Urban expansion has a significant impact on temperature, with large variations in extreme temperature indices over the intensive construction area relative to the sparse construction area. The extreme temperature indices have a significant correlation with impervious surfaces. Jinan City shows a certain degree of rain island effect, which seems to be spatially correlated with the urban heat island effect. The frequency of short-duration precipitation events significantly increases and the intensity of precipitation events generally increases. The magnitude and frequency of extreme precipitation indices in the intensive construction area significantly increase when compared to that in the sparse construction area, and they have a significant correlation with impervious surfaces. There is a tendency that Jinan City’s rainfall center moves towards to the intensive construction area.

ACS Style

Yanjun Zhao; Jun Xia; Zongxue Xu; Lei Zou; Yunfeng Qiao; Peng Li. Impact of Urban Expansion on Rain Island Effect in Jinan City, North China. Remote Sensing 2021, 13, 2989 .

AMA Style

Yanjun Zhao, Jun Xia, Zongxue Xu, Lei Zou, Yunfeng Qiao, Peng Li. Impact of Urban Expansion on Rain Island Effect in Jinan City, North China. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13 (15):2989.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanjun Zhao; Jun Xia; Zongxue Xu; Lei Zou; Yunfeng Qiao; Peng Li. 2021. "Impact of Urban Expansion on Rain Island Effect in Jinan City, North China." Remote Sensing 13, no. 15: 2989.

Journal article
Published: 16 June 2021 in Remote Sensing
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As the “Water Tower of Asia” and “The Third Pole” of the world, the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) shows great sensitivity to global climate change, and the change in its terrestrial water storage has become a focus of attention globally. Differences in multi-source data and different calculation methods have caused great uncertainty in the accurate estimation of terrestrial water storage. In this study, the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin (YZRB), located in the southeast of the QTP, was selected as the study area, with the aim of investigating the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of terrestrial water storage change (TWSC). Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data from 2003 to 2017, combined with the fifth-generation reanalysis product of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ERA5) data and Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) data, were adopted for the performance evaluation of TWSC estimation. Based on ERA5 and GLDAS, the terrestrial water balance method (PER) and the summation method (SS) were used to estimate terrestrial water storage, obtaining four sets of TWSC, which were compared with TWSC derived from GRACE. The results show that the TWSC estimated by the SS method based on GLDAS is most consistent with the results of GRACE. The time-lag effect was identified in the TWSC estimated by the PER method based on ERA5 and GLDAS, respectively, with 2-month and 3-month lags. Therefore, based on the GLDAS, the SS method was used to further explore the long-term temporal and spatial evolution of TWSC in the YZRB. During the period of 1948–2017, TWSC showed a significantly increasing trend; however, an abrupt change in TWSC was detected around 2002. That is, TWSC showed a significantly increasing trend before 2002 (slope = 0.0236 mm/month, p< 0.01) but a significantly decreasing trend (slope = −0.397 mm/month, p< 0.01) after 2002. Additional attribution analysis on the abrupt change in TWSC before and after 2002 was conducted, indicating that, compared with the snow water equivalent, the soil moisture dominated the long-term variation of TWSC. In terms of spatial distribution, TWSC showed a large spatial heterogeneity, mainly in the middle reaches with a high intensity of human activities and the Parlung Zangbo River Basin, distributed with great glaciers. The results obtained in this study can provide reliable data support and technical means for exploring the spatio-temporal evolution mechanism of terrestrial water storage in data-scarce alpine regions.

ACS Style

Xuanxuan Wang; Liu Liu; Qiankun Niu; Hao Li; Zongxue Xu. Multiple Data Products Reveal Long-Term Variation Characteristics of Terrestrial Water Storage and Its Dominant Factors in Data-Scarce Alpine Regions. Remote Sensing 2021, 13, 2356 .

AMA Style

Xuanxuan Wang, Liu Liu, Qiankun Niu, Hao Li, Zongxue Xu. Multiple Data Products Reveal Long-Term Variation Characteristics of Terrestrial Water Storage and Its Dominant Factors in Data-Scarce Alpine Regions. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13 (12):2356.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xuanxuan Wang; Liu Liu; Qiankun Niu; Hao Li; Zongxue Xu. 2021. "Multiple Data Products Reveal Long-Term Variation Characteristics of Terrestrial Water Storage and Its Dominant Factors in Data-Scarce Alpine Regions." Remote Sensing 13, no. 12: 2356.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2021 in Journal of Hydrology
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It is attractive and advantageous to realize process-based optimization of irrigation water use on large scales. In this study, a simulation-based regional irrigation water optimization model (SRIOP) was developed for watershed-scale optimal spatial allocation based on dynamic responses of agro-hydrological process and its spatial differences. The SRIOP model tightly linked a field-scale agro-hydrological model (SWAP-EPIC) with an optimization algorithm (NSGA-II) in a regional multi-level optimization framework. It performed at three levels that sequentially dealt with optimal irrigation water allocation on field, irrigation district and irrigated watershed scales, with two objectives of maximizing yield/benefit and minimizing irrigation water. The model was tested with a case study in the major irrigation system (MIS) of middle reaches of the Heihe River basin, northwest China. The optimal spatial distribution of irrigation water showed a decreased variation coefficient (0.17) and increased irrigation benefit (9.8% higher) as compared with that of the present year, and better reflected the effects of multi-level collaboration and crop-soil field distribution. The impacts of climate condition changes on optimized results and resulting uncertainty were also quantified and evaluated through optimizations in different climate years. The case study indicated that the model is a computationally efficient and feasible approach for process-based optimization on large scales with considering impacts of climate condition changes.

ACS Style

Yao Jiang; Lvyang Xiong; Zongxue Xu; Guanhua Huang. A simulation-based optimization model for watershed multi-scale irrigation water use with considering impacts of climate changes. Journal of Hydrology 2021, 598, 126395 .

AMA Style

Yao Jiang, Lvyang Xiong, Zongxue Xu, Guanhua Huang. A simulation-based optimization model for watershed multi-scale irrigation water use with considering impacts of climate changes. Journal of Hydrology. 2021; 598 ():126395.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yao Jiang; Lvyang Xiong; Zongxue Xu; Guanhua Huang. 2021. "A simulation-based optimization model for watershed multi-scale irrigation water use with considering impacts of climate changes." Journal of Hydrology 598, no. : 126395.

Journal article
Published: 24 March 2021 in Remote Sensing
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In this study, a comprehensive assessment on precipitation estimation from the latest Version 06 release of the Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) algorithm is conducted by using 24 rain gauge observations at daily scale from 2001 to 2016. The IMERG V06 dataset fuses Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite data (2000–2015) and Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite data (2014–present), enabling the use of IMERG data for long-term study. Correlation coefficient (CC), root mean square error (RMSE), relative bias (RB), probability of detection (POD), false alarm ratio (FAR), and critical success index (CSI) were used to assess the accuracy of satellite-derived precipitation estimation and measure the correspondence between satellite-derived and observed occurrence of precipitation events. The probability density distributions of precipitation intensity and influence of elevation on precipitation estimation were also examined. Results showed that, with high CC and low RMSE and RB, the IMERG Final Run product (IMERG-F) performs better than two other IMERG products at daily, monthly, and yearly scales. At daily scale, the ability of satellite products to detect general precipitation is clearly superior to the ability to detect heavy and extreme precipitation. In addition, CC and RMSE of IMERG products are high in Southeastern Jinan City, while RMSE is relatively low in Southwestern Jinan City. Considering the fact that the IMERG estimation of extreme precipitation indices showed an acceptable level of accuracy, IMERG products can be used to derive extreme precipitation indices in areas without gauged data. At all elevations, IMERG-F exhibits a better performance than the other two IMERG products. However, POD and FAR decrease and CSI increase with the increase of elevation, indicating the need for improvement. This study will provide valuable information for the application of IMERG products at the scale of a large city.

ACS Style

Peng Li; Zongxue Xu; Chenlei Ye; Meifang Ren; Hao Chen; Jingjing Wang; Sulin Song. Assessment on IMERG V06 Precipitation Products Using Rain Gauge Data in Jinan City, Shandong Province, China. Remote Sensing 2021, 13, 1241 .

AMA Style

Peng Li, Zongxue Xu, Chenlei Ye, Meifang Ren, Hao Chen, Jingjing Wang, Sulin Song. Assessment on IMERG V06 Precipitation Products Using Rain Gauge Data in Jinan City, Shandong Province, China. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13 (7):1241.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Peng Li; Zongxue Xu; Chenlei Ye; Meifang Ren; Hao Chen; Jingjing Wang; Sulin Song. 2021. "Assessment on IMERG V06 Precipitation Products Using Rain Gauge Data in Jinan City, Shandong Province, China." Remote Sensing 13, no. 7: 1241.

Journal article
Published: 06 March 2020 in Water
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To comprehensively evaluate the changes in precipitation patterns in the context of global climate change and urbanization, the spatiotemporal variability of precipitation during the wet seasons of 1981–2017 in Beijing was analyzed in this study using up-to-date daily and hourly precipitation data from observation stations. It was concluded that the average annual precipitation in wet seasons showed a downward trend, while the simple daily intensity index (SDII) showed an upward trend. Precipitation in the central urban area of Beijing showed obvious changes from 1981 to 2017; the average annual precipitation in the central urban area was almost as great as that in Miyun country after 2010, which was the storm center for the past three decades. The average annual maximum 3-h and 6-h precipitation in the 2010s was higher than the past three decades, especially in urban and suburban areas. In addition, the atmospheric circulation index, urbanization impact, and topography were all found to be important factors that affect the pattern of precipitation in Beijing.

ACS Style

Meifang Ren; Zongxue Xu; Bo Pang; Jiangtao Liu; Longgang Du. Spatiotemporal Variability of Precipitation in Beijing, China during the Wet Seasons. Water 2020, 12, 716 .

AMA Style

Meifang Ren, Zongxue Xu, Bo Pang, Jiangtao Liu, Longgang Du. Spatiotemporal Variability of Precipitation in Beijing, China during the Wet Seasons. Water. 2020; 12 (3):716.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Meifang Ren; Zongxue Xu; Bo Pang; Jiangtao Liu; Longgang Du. 2020. "Spatiotemporal Variability of Precipitation in Beijing, China during the Wet Seasons." Water 12, no. 3: 716.

Journal article
Published: 02 January 2020 in Water
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Climate change poses potential challenges to sensitive areas, such as high-elevation regions. The Yarlung Zangbo River (YLZR) basin is located in the southeast of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. It contains large amounts of snow and numerous glaciers that are vulnerable to climate change. Based on daily observational data at 17 meteorological stations in and around the YLZR basin during 1957–2015, the variability of precipitation, air temperature, and streamflow were analyzed. The nonparametric Mann–Kendall test, Sen’s slope estimate method, cross wavelet transform (XWT), and wavelet coherence (WTC) were used to identify the annual seasonal trends. the abrupt changes of precipitation and air temperature, and their associations with large-scale circulation. The results showed that the YLZR basin experienced an overall rapid warming and wetting during the study period, with an average warming rate of 0.33 °C/10 a and wetting rate of 4.25 mm/10a, respectively. Abrupt change points in precipitation and air temperature occurred around the 1970s and 1990s, respectively. The abrupt change points of three hydrological stations occurred around the late 1960s and the late 1990s, respectively. The precipitation, annual average temperature, and the streamflow of the three hydrological stations were negatively correlated with the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and the multivariate El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) index (MEI), reaching a significant level of 0.05.

ACS Style

Rui Zhang; Zongxue Xu; Depeng Zuo; Chunguang Ban. Hydro-Meteorological Trends in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin and Possible Associations with Large-Scale Circulation. Water 2020, 12, 144 .

AMA Style

Rui Zhang, Zongxue Xu, Depeng Zuo, Chunguang Ban. Hydro-Meteorological Trends in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin and Possible Associations with Large-Scale Circulation. Water. 2020; 12 (1):144.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rui Zhang; Zongxue Xu; Depeng Zuo; Chunguang Ban. 2020. "Hydro-Meteorological Trends in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin and Possible Associations with Large-Scale Circulation." Water 12, no. 1: 144.

Journal article
Published: 18 October 2019 in Remote Sensing
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Vegetation dynamics are sensitive to climate change and human activities, as vegetation interacts with the hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. The Yarlung Zangbo River (YZR) basin, with the vulnerable ecological environment, has experienced a series of natural disasters since the new millennium. Therefore, in this study, the vegetation dynamic variations and their associated responses to environmental changes in the YZR basin were investigated based on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) data from 2000 to 2016. Results showed that (1) the YZR basin showed an obvious vegetation greening process with a significant increase of the growing season NDVI (Zc = 2.31, p < 0.05), which was mainly attributed to the wide greening tendency of the downstream region that accounted for over 50% area of the YZR basin. (2) Regions with significant greening accounted for 25.4% of the basin and were mainly concentrated in the Nyang River and Parlung Tsangpo River sub-basins. On the contrary, the browning regions accounted for

ACS Style

Hao Li; Liu Liu; Zongxue Xu. Greening Implication Inferred from Vegetation Dynamics Interacted with Climate Change and Human Activities over the Southeast Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Remote Sensing 2019, 11, 2421 .

AMA Style

Hao Li, Liu Liu, Zongxue Xu. Greening Implication Inferred from Vegetation Dynamics Interacted with Climate Change and Human Activities over the Southeast Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Remote Sensing. 2019; 11 (20):2421.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hao Li; Liu Liu; Zongxue Xu. 2019. "Greening Implication Inferred from Vegetation Dynamics Interacted with Climate Change and Human Activities over the Southeast Qinghai–Tibet Plateau." Remote Sensing 11, no. 20: 2421.

Journal article
Published: 04 July 2019 in Remote Sensing
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Drought is one of the most widespread and threatening natural disasters in the world, which has terrible impacts on agricultural irrigation and production, ecological environment, and socioeconomic development. As a critical ecologically fragile area located in southwest China, the Yarlung Zangbo River (YZR) basin is sensitive and vulnerable to climate change and human activities. Hence, this study focused on the YZR basin and attempted to investigate the spatiotemporal variations of drought and associated multi-scale response to climate change based on the scPDSI (self-calibrating Palmer drought severity index) and CRU (climate research unit) data. Results showed that: (1) The YZR basin has experienced an overall wetting process from 1956 to 2015, while a distinct transition period in the mid 1990s (from wet to dry) was detected by multiple statistical methods. (2) Considering the spatial variation of the scPDSI, areas showing the significantly wetting process with increasing scPDSI values were mostly located in the arid upstream and midstream regions, which accounted for over 48% area of the YZR basin, while areas exhibiting the drying tendency with decreasing scPDSI values were mainly concentrated in the humid southern part of the YZR basin, dominating the transition period from wet to dry, to which more attention should be paid. (3) By using the EEMD (ensemble empirical mode decomposition) method, the scPDSI over the YZR basin showed quasi-3-year and quasi-9-year cycles at the inter-annual scale, while quasi-15-year and quasi-56-year cycles were detected at the inter-decadal scale. The reconstructed inter-annual scale showed a better capability to represent the abrupt change characteristic of drought, which was also more influential to the original time series with a variance contribution of 55.3%, while the inter-decadal scale could be used to portray the long-term drought variation process with a relative lower variance contribution of 29.1%. (4) The multi-scale response of drought to climate change indicated that changes of precipitation (PRE) and diurnal temperature range (DTR) were the major driving factors in the drought variation at different time scales. Compared with potential evapotranspiration (PET), DTR was a much more important climate factor associated with drought variations by altering the energy balance, which is more obvious over the YZR basin distributed with extensive snow cover and glaciers. These findings could provide important implications for ecological environment protection and sustainable socioeconomic development in the YZR basin and other high mountain regions.

ACS Style

Hao Li; Liu Liu; Baoying Shan; Zhicheng Xu; Qiankun Niu; Lei Cheng; Xingcai Liu; Zongxue Xu. Spatiotemporal Variation of Drought and Associated Multi-Scale Response to Climate Change over the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China. Remote Sensing 2019, 11, 1596 .

AMA Style

Hao Li, Liu Liu, Baoying Shan, Zhicheng Xu, Qiankun Niu, Lei Cheng, Xingcai Liu, Zongxue Xu. Spatiotemporal Variation of Drought and Associated Multi-Scale Response to Climate Change over the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China. Remote Sensing. 2019; 11 (13):1596.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hao Li; Liu Liu; Baoying Shan; Zhicheng Xu; Qiankun Niu; Lei Cheng; Xingcai Liu; Zongxue Xu. 2019. "Spatiotemporal Variation of Drought and Associated Multi-Scale Response to Climate Change over the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China." Remote Sensing 11, no. 13: 1596.

Journal article
Published: 27 May 2019 in Remote Sensing
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The dry-wet transition is of great importance for vegetation dynamics, however the response mechanism of vegetation variations is still unclear due to the complicated effects of climate change. As a critical ecologically fragile area located in the southeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Yarlung Zangbo River (YZR) basin, which was selected as the typical area in this study, is significantly sensitive and vulnerable to climate change. The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) based on the GLDAS-NOAH products and the GIMMS-NDVI remote sensing data from 1982 to 2015 were employed to investigate the spatio-temporal characteristics of the dry-wet regime and the vegetation dynamic responses. The results showed that: (1) The spatio-temporal patterns of the precipitation and temperature simulated by the GLDAS-NOAH fitted well with those of the in-situ data. (2) During the period of 1982–2015, the whole YZR basin exhibited an overall wetting tendency. However, the spatio-temporal characteristics of the dry-wet regime exhibited a reversal phenomenon before and after 2000, which was jointly identified by the SPEI and runoff. That is, the YZR basin showed a wetting trend before 2000 and a drying trend after 2000; the arid areas in the basin showed a tendency of wetting whereas the humid areas exhibited a trend of drying. (3) The region where NDVI was positively correlated with SPEI accounted for approximately 70% of the basin area, demonstrating a similar spatio-temporal reversal phenomenon of the vegetation around 2000, indicating that the dry-wet condition is of great importance for the evolution of vegetation. (4) The SPEI showed a much more significant positive correlation with the soil water content which accounted for more than 95% of the basin area, implying that the soil water content was an important indicator to identify the dry-wet transition in the YZR basin.

ACS Style

Liu Liu; Qiankun Niu; Jingxia Heng; Hao Li; Zongxue Xu. Transition Characteristics of the Dry-Wet Regime and Vegetation Dynamic Responses over the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin, Southeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Remote Sensing 2019, 11, 1254 .

AMA Style

Liu Liu, Qiankun Niu, Jingxia Heng, Hao Li, Zongxue Xu. Transition Characteristics of the Dry-Wet Regime and Vegetation Dynamic Responses over the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin, Southeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Remote Sensing. 2019; 11 (10):1254.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liu Liu; Qiankun Niu; Jingxia Heng; Hao Li; Zongxue Xu. 2019. "Transition Characteristics of the Dry-Wet Regime and Vegetation Dynamic Responses over the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin, Southeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau." Remote Sensing 11, no. 10: 1254.

Book chapter
Published: 05 January 2019 in Handbook of Hydrometeorological Ensemble Forecasting
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Conceptual hydrological models, sometimes also called gray-box models, are precipitation-runoff models built based on observed or assumed empirical relationships among different hydrological variables. They are different from black-box models which consider precipitation-runoff relationship only statistically. They are also different from the physically based distributed hydrological models which are based on solving differential equations describing the physical laws of mass, energy, and momentum conservations. This chapter describes how conceptual hydrological models represent the different hydrological processes involved in converting precipitation to runoff over land, and then to streamflow discharge at the basin outlet, including precipitation, snow accumulation and ablation, infiltration, soil moisture storage, evapotranspiration, runoff generation, baseflow, and river routing. Some of the well-known models are also used for illustration.

ACS Style

Zhaofei Liu; Yamei Wang; Zongxue Xu; Qingyun Duan. Conceptual Hydrological Models. Handbook of Hydrometeorological Ensemble Forecasting 2019, 389 -411.

AMA Style

Zhaofei Liu, Yamei Wang, Zongxue Xu, Qingyun Duan. Conceptual Hydrological Models. Handbook of Hydrometeorological Ensemble Forecasting. 2019; ():389-411.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhaofei Liu; Yamei Wang; Zongxue Xu; Qingyun Duan. 2019. "Conceptual Hydrological Models." Handbook of Hydrometeorological Ensemble Forecasting , no. : 389-411.

Journal article
Published: 13 December 2018 in Remote Sensing
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Satellite products can provide spatiotemporal data on precipitation in ungauged basins. It is essential and meaningful to assess and correct these products. In this study, the Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks-Climate Data Record (PERSIANN-CDR) product was evaluated and corrected using the successive correction method. A simple hydrological model was driven by the corrected PERSIANN-CDR data. The results showed that the accuracy of the original PERSIANN-CDR data was low on a daily scale, and the accuracy decreased gradually from the east to the west of the basin. With one correction step, the accuracy of the corrected PERSIANN-CDR data was significantly higher than that of the initial data. The correlation coefficient increased from 0.58 to 0.73, and the probability of detection (POD) value of the corrected product was 18.2% higher than the original product. The temporal-spatial resolution influenced the performance of the satellite product. As the resolution became coarser, the correlation coefficient between the corrected PERSIANN-CDR data and the gauged data gradually became lower. The Identification of unit Hydrographs and Component flows from Rainfall, Evapotranspiration, and Streamflow (IHACRES) model could be satisfactorily applied in the Lhasa River basin with corrected PERSIANN-CDR data. The successive correction method was an effective way to correct the bias of the PERSIANN-CDR product.

ACS Style

Jiangtao Liu; Zongxue Xu; Junrui Bai; Dingzhi Peng; Meifang Ren. Assessment and Correction of the PERSIANN-CDR Product in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin, China. Remote Sensing 2018, 10, 2031 .

AMA Style

Jiangtao Liu, Zongxue Xu, Junrui Bai, Dingzhi Peng, Meifang Ren. Assessment and Correction of the PERSIANN-CDR Product in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin, China. Remote Sensing. 2018; 10 (12):2031.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiangtao Liu; Zongxue Xu; Junrui Bai; Dingzhi Peng; Meifang Ren. 2018. "Assessment and Correction of the PERSIANN-CDR Product in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin, China." Remote Sensing 10, no. 12: 2031.

Journal article
Published: 29 November 2018 in Remote Sensing
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Performance of four satellite precipitation products, namely, the China Meteorological Forcing Dataset (CMFD), Climate Prediction Center morphing technique (CMORPH), as well as 3B42 calibrated and 3B42-RT dataset, which are derived from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA), were evaluated from daily to annual temporal scales over Beijing, using observations from 36 ground meteorological stations. Five statistical properties and three categorical metrics were used to test the results. The assessment showed that all four satellite precipitation products captured the temporal variability of precipitation. Although four satellite precipitation products captured the trend of more precipitation in the northeastern regions, all four products showed different distribution from the observations for 2001–2015 over Beijing. All precipitation products tended to overestimate moderate precipitation events and underestimate heavy precipitation events over Beijing, except for 3B42RT, which tended to overestimate most precipitation events. By comparison, the CMFD performed better than the CMORPH, 3B42 calibrated, and 3B42-RT datasets, having the higher correlation coefficient and low root mean squared difference, and mean absolute difference at all temporal scales. The average correlation coefficient of the CMFD, CMORPH, 3B42 calibrated, and 3B42-RT products for all 36 stations were 0.70, 0.60, 0.59, and 0.54 for daily precipitation and 0.78, 0.32, 0.74, and 0.44 for monthly precipitation. Overall, the CMFD was the most reliable for the Beijing region.

ACS Style

Meifang Ren; Zongxue Xu; Bo Pang; Wenfeng Liu; Jiangtao Liu; Longgang Du; Rong Wang. Assessment of Satellite-Derived Precipitation Products for the Beijing Region. Remote Sensing 2018, 10, 1914 .

AMA Style

Meifang Ren, Zongxue Xu, Bo Pang, Wenfeng Liu, Jiangtao Liu, Longgang Du, Rong Wang. Assessment of Satellite-Derived Precipitation Products for the Beijing Region. Remote Sensing. 2018; 10 (12):1914.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Meifang Ren; Zongxue Xu; Bo Pang; Wenfeng Liu; Jiangtao Liu; Longgang Du; Rong Wang. 2018. "Assessment of Satellite-Derived Precipitation Products for the Beijing Region." Remote Sensing 10, no. 12: 1914.

Journal article
Published: 23 September 2018 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Identifying priority zones for river restoration is important for biodiversity conservation and catchment management. However, limited data due to the difficulty of field collection has led to research to better understand the ecological status within a catchment and develop a targeted planning strategy for river restoration. To address this need, coupling hydrological and machine learning models were constructed to identify priority zones for river restoration based on a dataset of aquatic organisms (i.e., algae, macroinvertebrates, and fish) and physicochemical indicators that were collected from 130 sites in September 2014 in the Taizi River, northern China. A process-based model soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) was developed to model the temporal-spatial variations in environmental indicators. A support vector machine (SVM) model was applied to explore the relationships between aquatic organisms and environmental indicators. Biological indices among different hydrological periods were simulated by coupling SWAT and SVM models. Results indicated that aquatic biological indices and physicochemical indicators exhibited apparent temporal and spatial patterns, and those patterns were more evident in the upper reaches compared to the lower reaches. The ecological status of the Taizi River was better in the flood season than that in the dry season. Priority zones were identified for different hydrological seasons by setting the target values for ecological restoration based on biota organisms, and the results suggest that hydrological conditions significantly influenced restoration prioritization over other environmental parameters. Our approach could be applied in other seasonal river ecosystems to provide important preferences for river restoration.

ACS Style

Juntao Fan; Mengdi Li; Fen Guo; Zhenguang Yan; Xin Zheng; Yuan Zhang; Zongxue Xu; Fengchang Wu. Priorization of River Restoration by Coupling Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) Models in the Taizi River Basin, Northern China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 2090 .

AMA Style

Juntao Fan, Mengdi Li, Fen Guo, Zhenguang Yan, Xin Zheng, Yuan Zhang, Zongxue Xu, Fengchang Wu. Priorization of River Restoration by Coupling Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) Models in the Taizi River Basin, Northern China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (10):2090.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juntao Fan; Mengdi Li; Fen Guo; Zhenguang Yan; Xin Zheng; Yuan Zhang; Zongxue Xu; Fengchang Wu. 2018. "Priorization of River Restoration by Coupling Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) Models in the Taizi River Basin, Northern China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10: 2090.

Journal article
Published: 02 May 2018 in Sustainability
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The Yarlung Zangbo River Basin (YZRB) is an important transboundary river basin in Tibet, China with south Asian countries. Changes in precipitation are important driving factors of river flow changes. Extreme Precipitation Events (EPE), in particular, have serious impacts on human life and sustainable development. The objective of this study is to explore the temporal changes and the spatial distribution of EPE over the YZRB in recent decades using a precipitation product with a 5 km spatial resolution and the Mann–Kendall nonparametric statistical test method. A more thorough understanding of the spatial heterogeneity in precipitation was expected from using this high resolution dataset. At both basin and pixel scale, both annual precipitation amounts and number of rain days had significant upward trends, indicating that the increase in the number of rain days is one possible cause of the annual precipitation amounts increases. The annual precipitation and number of rain days increased significantly in 50.8% and 75.8% of the basin area, respectively. The areas showing upward trends for the two indexes mostly overlapped, supporting the hypothesis that the increasing number of rain days is one possible cause of the increases in annual precipitation in these areas. General precipitation intensity and EPE intensity increased in the Lhasa regions and in the southern part of the lower-reach region. However, the intensity of general precipitation and EPE decreased in the Nyangqu River Basin. A total of 43.0% of the area in the YZRB exhibits significant upward trends in EPE frequency. The contributions of EPE to total rainfall increase significantly in the Lhasa and Shannan regions. Overall, it was shown that the risk of disasters from EPE in the YZRB increases in the eastern middle-reach region and southern lower-reach region.

ACS Style

Jiao Fan; Wenchao Sun; Yong Zhao; Baolin Xue; Depeng Zuo; Zongxue Xu. Trend Analyses of Extreme Precipitation Events in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin, China Using a High-Resolution Precipitation Product. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1396 .

AMA Style

Jiao Fan, Wenchao Sun, Yong Zhao, Baolin Xue, Depeng Zuo, Zongxue Xu. Trend Analyses of Extreme Precipitation Events in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin, China Using a High-Resolution Precipitation Product. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (5):1396.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiao Fan; Wenchao Sun; Yong Zhao; Baolin Xue; Depeng Zuo; Zongxue Xu. 2018. "Trend Analyses of Extreme Precipitation Events in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin, China Using a High-Resolution Precipitation Product." Sustainability 10, no. 5: 1396.

Book chapter
Published: 28 August 2017 in Handbook of Hydrometeorological Ensemble Forecasting
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Conceptual hydrological models, sometimes also called gray-box models, are precipitation-runoff models built based on observed or assumed empirical relationships among different hydrological variables. They are different from black-box models which consider precipitation-runoff relationship only statistically. They are also different from the physically based distributed hydrological models which are based on solving differential equations describing the physical laws of mass, energy, and momentum conservations. This chapter describes how conceptual hydrological models represent the different hydrological processes involved in converting precipitation to runoff over land, and then to streamflow discharge at the basin outlet, including precipitation, snow accumulation and ablation, infiltration, soil moisture storage, evapotranspiration, runoff generation, baseflow, and river routing. Some of the well-known models are also used for illustration.

ACS Style

Zhaofei Liu; Yamei Wang; Zongxue Xu; Qingyun Duan. Conceptual Hydrological Models. Handbook of Hydrometeorological Ensemble Forecasting 2017, 1 -23.

AMA Style

Zhaofei Liu, Yamei Wang, Zongxue Xu, Qingyun Duan. Conceptual Hydrological Models. Handbook of Hydrometeorological Ensemble Forecasting. 2017; ():1-23.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhaofei Liu; Yamei Wang; Zongxue Xu; Qingyun Duan. 2017. "Conceptual Hydrological Models." Handbook of Hydrometeorological Ensemble Forecasting , no. : 1-23.

Preprint
Published: 08 October 2016
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Climate change is a global issue that draws widespread attention from the international society. As an important component of the climate system, the water cycle is directly affected by climate change. Thus, it is very important to study the influences of climate change on the basin water cycle with respect to maintenance of healthy rivers, sustainable use of water resources, and sustainable socioeconomic development in the basin. In this study, by assessing the suitability of multiple General Circulation Models (GCMs) recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM) and Automated Statistical Downscaling model (ASD) were used to generate future climate change scenarios. These were then used to drive distributed hydrologic models (Variable Infiltration Capacity, Soil and Water Assessment Tool) for hydrological simulation of the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins, thereby quantifying the effects of climate change on the basin water cycle. The results showed that suitability assessment adopted in this study could effectively reduce the uncertainty of GCMs, and that statistical downscaling was able to greatly improve precipitation and temperature outputs in global climate mode. Compared to a baseline period (1961–1990), projected future periods (2046–2065 and 2081–2100) had a slightly decreasing tendency of runoff in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin. In particular, a significant increase in runoff was observed during flood seasons in the southeast part. However, runoff of the upper Yellow River basin decreased continuously. The results provide a reference for studying climate change in major river basins of China.

ACS Style

Liu Liu; Zongxue Xu; Rong Li; Youzhi Wang. Hydrological Implications of Climate Change on River Basin Water Cycle: Case Studies of the Yangtze River and Yellow River Basins, China. 2016, 1 .

AMA Style

Liu Liu, Zongxue Xu, Rong Li, Youzhi Wang. Hydrological Implications of Climate Change on River Basin Water Cycle: Case Studies of the Yangtze River and Yellow River Basins, China. . 2016; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liu Liu; Zongxue Xu; Rong Li; Youzhi Wang. 2016. "Hydrological Implications of Climate Change on River Basin Water Cycle: Case Studies of the Yangtze River and Yellow River Basins, China." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2015 in Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue
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ACS Style

Yan-Li Li; Zong-Xue Xu. [Effect of environmental factors on macroinvertebrate community structure in the Huntai River basin in the Huntai River basin]. Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue 2015, 36, 1 .

AMA Style

Yan-Li Li, Zong-Xue Xu. [Effect of environmental factors on macroinvertebrate community structure in the Huntai River basin in the Huntai River basin]. Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue. 2015; 36 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yan-Li Li; Zong-Xue Xu. 2015. "[Effect of environmental factors on macroinvertebrate community structure in the Huntai River basin in the Huntai River basin]." Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue 36, no. 1: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2014 in Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue
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ACS Style

Yan-Li Li; Zong-Xue Xu. [Effect of environmental factors on fish community structure in the Huntai River Basin at multiple scales]. Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue 2014, 35, 1 .

AMA Style

Yan-Li Li, Zong-Xue Xu. [Effect of environmental factors on fish community structure in the Huntai River Basin at multiple scales]. Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue. 2014; 35 (9):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yan-Li Li; Zong-Xue Xu. 2014. "[Effect of environmental factors on fish community structure in the Huntai River Basin at multiple scales]." Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue 35, no. 9: 1.

Book chapter
Published: 23 March 2014 in Water Resources Research in Northwest China
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The performance of General Circulation Models (GCMs) in simulating near-surface air temperature and precipitation is assessed in the Tarim River Basin (TRB). The criteria included skills on reproducing the observed statistics of two variables, such as long-term mean and standard deviation, seasonal variation, temporal and spatial distributions, and probability density functions (PDFs). The results show that some GCMs performed relatively better than others, usually simulating temperature better than precipitation. Two statistical downscaling models, the Non-Homogeneous hidden Markov Model (NHMM) and the Statistical Down-Scaling Model (SDSM), which have been widely applied in the world and were proved skillful in term of downscaling purpose, were evaluated based on observed daily precipitation in the Tarim River Basin (TRB). The evaluated merits included relative errors of residual functions for annual mean and several percentile values, correlation analysis of annual cycle and spatial distributions, and two skill scores based on probability density functions (PDF). Results indicated that NHMM had a better model performance on daily precipitation than SDSM in the study area, and the former was a more stable model than the later. The main reason is that NHMM could capture precipitation spatial distribution pattern, while SDSM is a single-site model, which downscales each individual station independently. SDSM also lost its skill on modeling extreme values of precipitation amount. The NHMM and SDSM were applied to generate future scenarios of both mean and extremes in the Tarim River Basin, which were based on nine combined scenarios including three GCMs (CSIRO30, ECHAM5, GFDL21) predictor sets and three special report on emission scenarios (SRES A1B, SRES A2, SRES B1). Results showed that trends magnitude projected by statistical downscaling models were the greatest under SRES A2 scenario, and was the smallest under B1 scenario, with A1B scenario in–between. In general, the trends magnitude was greater in the period of 2081–2100 than that in the period of 2046–2065. Driven by these climate change scenarios, a distributed macro-scale hydrological model (Variable Infiltration Capacity model) was applied to assess the impact of climate change on hydrological processes in the Headwater Catchment (HC) of the TRB. Results showed that it tends to be warmer and drier for the HC under the combined climate change scenarios. It is different from air temperature that the magnitude of changes for extreme values of precipitation is obviously greater than that for mean values. It tends to show a decreasing trend for runoff in the HC, driven by the combined climate change scenarios. But it showed an increasing trend for winter runoff. It showed an inconsistent intra-annual distribution for the changes of precipitation and runoff in the HC, which might be explained by the increasing snowmelt runoff resulted from the increasing air temperature. It was concluded that uncertainties from different GCMs outputs are more significant than emission scenarios in the assessment on the impact of climate change.

ACS Style

Zongxue Xu; Zhaofei Liu. Climate Change Scenarios and the Impact on Runoff. Water Resources Research in Northwest China 2014, 311 -357.

AMA Style

Zongxue Xu, Zhaofei Liu. Climate Change Scenarios and the Impact on Runoff. Water Resources Research in Northwest China. 2014; ():311-357.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zongxue Xu; Zhaofei Liu. 2014. "Climate Change Scenarios and the Impact on Runoff." Water Resources Research in Northwest China , no. : 311-357.

Journal article
Published: 10 March 2012 in Procedia Environmental Sciences
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A total of 76 sampling sites were selected in the Liao River basin (21.9×104km2). During the period of 2009-2010, 58 water samples were collected in 2010 and 42 were collected in 2009, physical-chemical variables were analyzed to investigate their spatial-temporal variability in particular the relationship with land use /cover. The results indicated that physical and chemical properties showed obvious spatial heterogeneity in the Liao River basin. Taizi River and Hun River are located in the southeast of the basin, the water quality for two sub-basins: water quality in upstream is better than that in downstream, water quality level in downstream was classified into IV-V. There were no obvious features in the East Liao River basin, water quality in downstream was classified into III level. West Liao River run for many years, water quality was classified into IV. Big Liao River basin was located in middle and east of the Liao River basin. Water quality was classified into V. Correlation and regression analysis indicated that BOD5, COD, sediment, hardness and nitrate–nitrogen (NO3−–N), total dissolved particular (TDP) were significantly related to land use for forest and agriculture.

ACS Style

Y.L. Li; K. Liu; L. Li; Z.X. Xu. Relationship of land use/cover on water quality in the Liao River basin, China. Procedia Environmental Sciences 2012, 13, 1484 -1493.

AMA Style

Y.L. Li, K. Liu, L. Li, Z.X. Xu. Relationship of land use/cover on water quality in the Liao River basin, China. Procedia Environmental Sciences. 2012; 13 ():1484-1493.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Y.L. Li; K. Liu; L. Li; Z.X. Xu. 2012. "Relationship of land use/cover on water quality in the Liao River basin, China." Procedia Environmental Sciences 13, no. : 1484-1493.