The purpose of this study was to examine differences between squat variations performed with a traditional barbell (TRAD) and a safety squat bar (SSB) in university athletes, focusing on mean propulsive velocity (MPV), peak velocity (PV), and velocity loss (VL). Nineteen university athletes participated in a randomized crossover repeated-measures design. Participants performed squat exercises with both barbell types at 65% and 85% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) across multiple testing sessions. Neuromuscular performance indicators were assessed using a linear velocity transducer. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA revealed significant main effects of barbell type and load for MPV and PV (all p < 0.05). Higher MPV values were observed with the SSB at both loading intensities, whereas higher PV values were observed only at 85% 1RM. For VL, a significant main effect of barbell type was found (p = 0.013), with no significant effect of load (p = 0.155) or interaction (p = 0.507). In conclusion, the SSB elicited higher movement velocities compared with the traditional barbell. These findings suggest that barbell selection may influence velocity-based performance outcomes during squat exercise. However, due to the cross-sectional design, these results should be considered preliminary.