The study was carried out to examine the situation of university students from one month after the beginning of a very strict confinement process in Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic. Students responded to a survey which included the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) together with other questions relating to their general well-being from the European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS). A total of 198 university students answered the web-based survey. The questionnaire was generated using Microsoft Forms and was explained and distributed online. The results indicated that around 18.7% of students were suffering from severe anxiety and 70.2% were suffering either mild or moderate anxiety at this point of the strict confinement process. The findings show that when emotional well-being (quality of sleep, the perception of feeling fear, death of a relative) is reduced and material well-being is negatively affected (income level) anxiety levels are increased. On the other hand, the results show that having good interpersonal relationships with family members and taking care of personal development (routines and habits that make them feel good) help reduce anxiety levels. The female students in the sample also suffered higher levels of anxiety than males during strict confinement.

NPOs (Non-Profit Organisations) are entities created to respond to the social needs of the economy, many of which fall into financial difficulties and are forced to close. Given the importance that these entities have both socially and economically, the study of their financial vulnerability is an area of special interest. It is important to highlight the factors that characterize this type of entity in a situation of vulnerability and also to anticipate future undesirable situations which could result in closure without timely supervision. In this way, the entity could redirect its management and make the necessary changes in its structure to ensure its continuity. Our study analyses the academic literature, from a theoretical perspective, in relation to this vulnerability allowing us to construct a pentagram of five dimensions, some interrelated, which we propose to be taken into consideration in the study of an entity’s vulnerability. These five dimensions are performance, operational dimension, leverage, liquidity and most importantly reputation. This research offers a proposal to evaluate financial vulnerability in NPOs in a more comprehensive way and facilitate its management.

The routine availability of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has weakened the validity assumptions behind many university assessment formats, especially those that rely on a polished final product as the main evidence of learning. This paper develops a discipline-neutral, process-based framework for AI-aware assessment that treats GenAI as a persistent feature of students’ academic work rather than as a temporary anomaly. Drawing on recent scholarship on assessment validity, authenticity, transparency, and institutional governance, the paper synthesizes key risks of product-only assessment and translates them into a practical redesign logic. The framework rests on five principles: transparency of AI use, auditability through evidence-of-work, visibility of reasoning, contextual authenticity, and feasibility with inclusion. Building on these principles, the article proposes a toolkit that combines staged submissions, annotated decision logs, targeted checkpoints, short oral validations, and verification-by-design in quantitative and applied tasks. Three higher-education illustrations are used to show how the framework can be adapted to writing-intensive, quantitative, and team-based assignments. The paper argues that the central assessment question in the GenAI era should shift from authorship policing to competence verification, and it offers reusable design structures, rubric dimensions, and implementation guidance for institutions seeking to preserve academic standards while supporting responsible AI use.