This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
The high prevalence of non-communicable disease in New Zealand (NZ) is driven in part by unhealthy diet selections, with food costs contributing to an increased risk for vulnerable population groups. This study aimed to: (i) identify the nutrient density-to-cost ratio of NZ foods; (ii) model the impact of substituting foods with a lower nutrient density-to-cost ratio with those with a higher nutrient density-to-cost ratio on diet quality and affordability in representative NZ population samples for low and medium socioeconomic status (SES) households by ethnicity; and (iii) evaluate food processing level. Foods were categorized, coded for processing level and discretionary status, analyzed for nutrient density and cost, and ranked by nutrient density-to-cost ratio. The top quartile of nutrient dense, low-cost foods were 56% unprocessed (vegetables, fruit, porridge, pasta, rice, nuts/seeds), 31% ultra-processed (vegetable dishes, fortified bread, breakfast cereals unfortified <15 g sugars/100 g and fortified 15–30 g sugars/100 g), 6% processed (fruit juice), and 6% culinary processed (oils). Using substitution modeling, diet quality improved by 59% and 71% for adults and children, respectively, and affordability increased by 20–24%, depending on ethnicity and SES. The NZ diet can be made healthier and more affordable when nutritious, low-cost foods are selected. Processing levels in the healthier, modeled diet suggest that some non-discretionary ultra-processed foods may provide a valuable source of low-cost nutrition for food insecure populations.
Carlene Starck; Michelle Blumfield; Tim Keighley; Skye Marshall; Peter Petocz; Elif Inan-Eroglu; Kylie Abbott; Tim Cassettari; Ajmol Ali; Carol Wham; Rozanne Kruger; Geoff Kira; Flavia Fayet-Moore. Nutrient Dense, Low-Cost Foods Can Improve the Affordability and Quality of the New Zealand Diet—A Substitution Modeling Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 7950 .
AMA StyleCarlene Starck, Michelle Blumfield, Tim Keighley, Skye Marshall, Peter Petocz, Elif Inan-Eroglu, Kylie Abbott, Tim Cassettari, Ajmol Ali, Carol Wham, Rozanne Kruger, Geoff Kira, Flavia Fayet-Moore. Nutrient Dense, Low-Cost Foods Can Improve the Affordability and Quality of the New Zealand Diet—A Substitution Modeling Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (15):7950.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlene Starck; Michelle Blumfield; Tim Keighley; Skye Marshall; Peter Petocz; Elif Inan-Eroglu; Kylie Abbott; Tim Cassettari; Ajmol Ali; Carol Wham; Rozanne Kruger; Geoff Kira; Flavia Fayet-Moore. 2021. "Nutrient Dense, Low-Cost Foods Can Improve the Affordability and Quality of the New Zealand Diet—A Substitution Modeling Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15: 7950.
Food costs are a barrier to healthier diet selections, particularly for low socioeconomic households who regularly choose processed foods containing refined grains, added sugars, and added fats. In this study, the objectives were to: (i) identify the nutrient density-to-cost ratio of Australian foods; (ii) model the impact of substituting foods with lower nutrient density-to-cost ratio with those with the highest nutrient density-to-cost ratio for diet quality and affordability in low and medium socioeconomic households; and (iii) evaluate food processing levels. Foods were categorized, coded for processing level, analysed for nutrient density and cost, and ranked by nutrient density-to-cost ratio. The top quartile of nutrient dense, low-cost foods included 54% unprocessed (vegetables and reduced fat dairy), 33% ultra-processed (fortified wholegrain bread and breakfast cereals <20 g sugars/100 g), and 13% processed (fruit juice and canned legumes). Using substitution modelling, diet quality improved by 52% for adults and 71% for children across all households, while diet affordability improved by 25% and 27% for low and medium socioeconomic households, respectively. The results indicate that the quality and affordability of the Australian diet can be improved when nutritious, low-cost foods are selected. Processing levels in the healthier modelled diets suggest that some ultra-processed foods may provide a beneficial source of nutrition when consumed within national food group recommendations.
Michelle Blumfield; Carlene Starck; Tim Keighley; Peter Petocz; Anna Roesler; Kylie Abbott; Tim Cassettari; Skye Marshall; Flavia Fayet-Moore. Diet and Economic Modelling to Improve the Quality and Affordability of the Australian Diet for Low and Medium Socioeconomic Households. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 5771 .
AMA StyleMichelle Blumfield, Carlene Starck, Tim Keighley, Peter Petocz, Anna Roesler, Kylie Abbott, Tim Cassettari, Skye Marshall, Flavia Fayet-Moore. Diet and Economic Modelling to Improve the Quality and Affordability of the Australian Diet for Low and Medium Socioeconomic Households. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (11):5771.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichelle Blumfield; Carlene Starck; Tim Keighley; Peter Petocz; Anna Roesler; Kylie Abbott; Tim Cassettari; Skye Marshall; Flavia Fayet-Moore. 2021. "Diet and Economic Modelling to Improve the Quality and Affordability of the Australian Diet for Low and Medium Socioeconomic Households." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11: 5771.
Aim There is limited information on the snacking behaviour of Australian adults, and the role of snacking in the diet may depend on how it is defined. This study aimed to compare the dietary snacking behaviours and associated nutritional intake and body composition in Australian adults, using an objective vs a subjective definition for snacking. Methods Cross‐sectional data were analysed from the 2011 to 2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (n = 8361, 19+ years). Objective snacking was defined based on time of day between main meals. Subjective snacking was self‐reported by participants. Results Using the objective definition, 88.2% of adults were snack consumers; where snacking contributed 20.0% (SD 20.0%) of total daily energy intake and 27.0% (SD 31.4%) of total daily discretionary energy. 41.3% (SD 37.1%) of snacking energy intake came from discretionary foods. Using the subjective definition, 98.5% of adults were snack consumers, where discretionary foods contributed 52.6% (SD 35.2%) of all snacking energy. The proportion of objective and subjective snacking energy from discretionary foods did not differ across body mass index groups. Conclusions Objective snacking energy contributed more to core food groups than discretionary, was not associated with anthropometric measures, and contributed less to total discretionary energy than the evening meal. When snacking was defined subjectively, more than half of snacking energy was discretionary, suggesting that adults are more likely to perceive discretionary foods as snacks. Differences between snacking definitions means that associations between self‐reported snacking and diet or health outcomes, should be interpreted with caution.
Flavia Fayet‐Moore; Andrew McConnell; Peter Petocz; Tim Cassettari; Kate Tuck; Michelle Blumfield; Molly Warner; Skye Marshall. Contribution of dietary snacking behaviours to discretionary energy intake and anthropometric measures in Australian adults: A comparison using an objective vs subjective definition for snacking. Nutrition & Dietetics 2020, 78, 154 -164.
AMA StyleFlavia Fayet‐Moore, Andrew McConnell, Peter Petocz, Tim Cassettari, Kate Tuck, Michelle Blumfield, Molly Warner, Skye Marshall. Contribution of dietary snacking behaviours to discretionary energy intake and anthropometric measures in Australian adults: A comparison using an objective vs subjective definition for snacking. Nutrition & Dietetics. 2020; 78 (2):154-164.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFlavia Fayet‐Moore; Andrew McConnell; Peter Petocz; Tim Cassettari; Kate Tuck; Michelle Blumfield; Molly Warner; Skye Marshall. 2020. "Contribution of dietary snacking behaviours to discretionary energy intake and anthropometric measures in Australian adults: A comparison using an objective vs subjective definition for snacking." Nutrition & Dietetics 78, no. 2: 154-164.
Little is known about the mineral composition of pink salt. The aim of this study was to evaluate for the first time the mineral composition of pink salt available for purchase in Australia and its implications for public health. Pink salt samples were purchased from retail outlets in two metropolitan Australian cities and one regional town. Color intensity, salt form, and country of origin were coded. A mass spectrometry scan in solids was used to determine the amount of 25 nutrients and non-nutritive minerals in pink salt (n = 31) and an iodized white table salt control (n = 1). A wide variation in the type and range of nutrients and non-nutritive minerals across pink salt samples were observed. One pink salt sample contained a level of lead (>2 mg/kg) that exceeded the national maximum contaminant level set by Food Standards Australia New Zealand. Pink salt in flake form, pink salt originating from the Himalayas, and darker colored pink salt were generally found to contain higher levels of minerals (p < 0.05). Despite pink salt containing nutrients, >30 g per day (approximately 6 teaspoons) would be required to make any meaningful contribution to nutrient intake, a level that would provide excessive sodium and potential harmful effects. The risk to public health from potentially harmful non-nutritive minerals should be addressed by Australian food regulations. Pink salt consumption should not exceed the nutrient reference values for Australia and New Zealand guidelines of <5 g of salt per day.
Flavia Fayet-Moore; Cinthya Wibisono; Prudence Carr; Emily Duve; Peter Petocz; Graham Lancaster; Joanna McMillan; Skye Marshall; Michelle Blumfield. An Analysis of the Mineral Composition of Pink Salt Available in Australia. Foods 2020, 9, 1490 .
AMA StyleFlavia Fayet-Moore, Cinthya Wibisono, Prudence Carr, Emily Duve, Peter Petocz, Graham Lancaster, Joanna McMillan, Skye Marshall, Michelle Blumfield. An Analysis of the Mineral Composition of Pink Salt Available in Australia. Foods. 2020; 9 (10):1490.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFlavia Fayet-Moore; Cinthya Wibisono; Prudence Carr; Emily Duve; Peter Petocz; Graham Lancaster; Joanna McMillan; Skye Marshall; Michelle Blumfield. 2020. "An Analysis of the Mineral Composition of Pink Salt Available in Australia." Foods 9, no. 10: 1490.
Fasting for over 24 h is associated with worsening glucose tolerance, but the effect of extending the overnight fast period (a form of time-restricted feeding) on acute metabolic responses and insulin sensitivity is unclear. The aim of this pilot study was to determine the acute impact of an increased fasting period on postprandial glycaemia, insulinemia, and acute insulin sensitivity responses to a standard meal. Twenty-four lean, young, healthy adults (12 males, 12 females) consumed a standard breakfast after an overnight fast of 12, 14, and 16 h. Each fast duration was repeated on three separate occasions (3 × 3) in random order. Postprandial glucose and insulin responses were measured at regular intervals over 2 h and quantified as incremental area under the curve (iAUC). Insulin sensitivity was determined by homeostatic modelling assessment (HOMA). After 2 h, ad libitum food intake at a buffet meal was recorded. In females, but not males, insulin sensitivity improved (HOMA%S +35%, p = 0.016, marginally significant) with longer fast duration (16 h vs. 12 h), but paradoxically, postprandial glycaemia was higher (glucose iAUC +37%, p = 0.002). Overall, males showed no differences in glucose or insulin homeostasis. Both sexes consumed more energy (+28%) at the subsequent meal (16 h vs. 12 h). Delaying the first meal of the day by 4 h by extending the fasting period may have adverse metabolic effects in young, healthy, adult females, but not males.
Fiona S. Atkinson; Gabriella A. Heruc; Verena M. H. Tan; Peter Petocz; Jennie C. Brand-Miller. Extending the Overnight Fast: Sex Differences in Acute Metabolic Responses to Breakfast. Nutrients 2020, 12, 2173 .
AMA StyleFiona S. Atkinson, Gabriella A. Heruc, Verena M. H. Tan, Peter Petocz, Jennie C. Brand-Miller. Extending the Overnight Fast: Sex Differences in Acute Metabolic Responses to Breakfast. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (8):2173.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFiona S. Atkinson; Gabriella A. Heruc; Verena M. H. Tan; Peter Petocz; Jennie C. Brand-Miller. 2020. "Extending the Overnight Fast: Sex Differences in Acute Metabolic Responses to Breakfast." Nutrients 12, no. 8: 2173.
Dairy is important for children and adolescents' bone development and nutritional needs and it is not known how the type of milk consumed relates to overall dietary intakes. This study assessed the hypothesis that Australian children and adolescents who drink milk have greater milk, dairy and micronutrient intakes compared to those who consume milk in other ways or avoid milk. A secondary analysis using day 1 data from the 2011–12 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey was performed (n = 2812, 2–18 years). Children were classified as plain or flavored milk drinkers, other milk drinkers (e.g. smoothies, milkshakes), non-drinkers of milk (e.g. on cereal), or milk avoiders. Intakes of total dairy, milk, calcium, free sugars and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) were determined and adjusted for confounders. Milk consumption was popular (81%) and the majority (63%) of milk consumers were drinkers, and of those, 46% were plain, 32% were flavored, and 21% were other milk drinkers. Flavored and plain milk drinkers had higher total daily milk (480, 95% CI 459–501 and 445, 95% CI 427–462 grams, respectively), dairy (2.8, 95% CI 2.7–2.9 and 2.6, 95% CI 2.5–2.7 servings, respectively) and calcium (1049 ± 18 and 980 ± 15 mg, respectively) intakes than all other groups. Plain milk drinkers (10.7%, SD 6.2%) had a lower proportion of daily energy from free sugars than all other groups but there was no difference in free sugars intake between plain and flavored milk drinkers and there were no differences in anthropometric measures across groups. Plain and flavored milk drinkers and non-drinkers of milk had the lowest prevalence of SSB intake (P < .001). Plain milk drinkers, followed by flavored milk drinkers had the most favorable milk, dairy, and nutrient intakes.
Flavia Fayet-Moore; Tim Cassettari; Andrew McConnell; Jean Kim; Peter Petocz. Australian children and adolescents who were drinkers of plain and flavored milk had the highest intakes of milk, total dairy, and calcium. Nutrition Research 2019, 66, 68 -81.
AMA StyleFlavia Fayet-Moore, Tim Cassettari, Andrew McConnell, Jean Kim, Peter Petocz. Australian children and adolescents who were drinkers of plain and flavored milk had the highest intakes of milk, total dairy, and calcium. Nutrition Research. 2019; 66 ():68-81.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFlavia Fayet-Moore; Tim Cassettari; Andrew McConnell; Jean Kim; Peter Petocz. 2019. "Australian children and adolescents who were drinkers of plain and flavored milk had the highest intakes of milk, total dairy, and calcium." Nutrition Research 66, no. : 68-81.
Maternal diet and gestational hyperglycaemia have implications for offspring health. Leptin (LEP) and fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) alleles are known to influence body fat mass in humans, potentially via effects on appetite. We hypothesized that expression of Fto, Lep, and other appetite-related genes (Argp, Npy, Pomc, Cart, Lepr) in the offspring of female mice are influenced by the glycaemic index (GI) of carbohydrates in the maternal diet. C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to low or high GI diets and mated with chow-fed males at eight weeks of age. Male pups were weaned at four weeks and randomly divided into two groups, one group following their mother’s diet (LL and HH), and one following the standard chow diet (LC and HC) to 20 weeks. Fto expression was 3.8-fold higher in the placenta of mothers fed the high GI diet (p = 0.0001) and 2.5-fold higher in the hypothalamus of 20-week old offspring fed the high GI (HH vs. LL, p < 0.0001). By contrast, leptin gene (Lep) expression in visceral adipose tissue was 4.4-fold higher in four-week old offspring of low GI mothers (LC vs. HC, p < 0.0001) and 3.3-fold higher in visceral adipose tissue of 20-week old animals (LL vs. HH, p < 0.0001). Plasma ghrelin and leptin levels, and hypothalamic appetite genes were also differentially regulated by maternal and offspring diet. These findings provide the first evidence in an animal model that maternal high GI dietary carbohydrates that are digested and absorbed faster may contribute to programming of appetite in offspring.
Theodora Sideratou; Fiona Atkinson; Grace J. Campbell; Peter Petocz; Kim S. Bell-Anderson; Jennie Brand-Miller. Glycaemic Index of Maternal Dietary Carbohydrate Differentially Alters Fto and Lep Expression in Offspring in C57BL/6 Mice. Nutrients 2018, 10, 1342 .
AMA StyleTheodora Sideratou, Fiona Atkinson, Grace J. Campbell, Peter Petocz, Kim S. Bell-Anderson, Jennie Brand-Miller. Glycaemic Index of Maternal Dietary Carbohydrate Differentially Alters Fto and Lep Expression in Offspring in C57BL/6 Mice. Nutrients. 2018; 10 (10):1342.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTheodora Sideratou; Fiona Atkinson; Grace J. Campbell; Peter Petocz; Kim S. Bell-Anderson; Jennie Brand-Miller. 2018. "Glycaemic Index of Maternal Dietary Carbohydrate Differentially Alters Fto and Lep Expression in Offspring in C57BL/6 Mice." Nutrients 10, no. 10: 1342.
The purpose of this 2-arm-parallel split-mouth trial was to investigate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the repair of orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR). Twenty patients were included in this study, with 1 side randomly assigned to receive LLLT, and the other side served as a sham. Eligibility criteria included need for bilateral maxillary first premolar extractions as part of fixed appliance treatment. OIIRR was generated by applying 150 g of buccal tipping force on the maxillary first premolars for 4 weeks. After the active force was removed, the teeth were retained for 6 weeks. LLLT commenced with weekly laser applications using a continuous beam 660-nm, 75-mW aluminum-gallium-indium-phosphorus laser with 1/e2 spot size of 0.260 cm2, power density of 0.245 W/cm2, and fluence of 3.6 J/cm2. Contact application was used at 8 points buccally and palatally above the mucosa over each tooth root for 15 seconds with a total treatment time of 2 minutes. After 6 weeks, the maxillary first premolars were extracted and scanned with microcomputed tomography for primary outcome OIIRR calculations. Subgroup analysis included assessment per root surface, per vertical third, and sites of heaviest compressive forces (buccal-cervical and palato-apical). Randomization was generated using www.randomization.com, and allocation was concealed in sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelopes. Blinding was used for treatment and outcome assessments. Two-tailed paired t tests were used to determine whether there were any statistically significant differences in total crater volumes of the laser vs the sham treated teeth. Total crater volumes were 0.746 mm3 for the laser treated teeth and 0.779 mm3 for the sham. There was a mean difference of 0.033 ± 0.39 mm3 (95% CI, −0.21 to 0.148 mm3) greater resorption crater volume in the sham group compared with the laser group; this was not statistically significant (P = 0.705). No harm was observed. Conclusions: No significant difference was found between LLLT and sham control groups in OIIRR repair.
Chun M. Ang Khaw; Oyku Dalci; Matthew Foley; Peter Petocz; M. Ali Darendeliler; Alexandra K. Papadopoulou. Physical properties of root cementum: Part 27. Effect of low-level laser therapy on the repair of orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption: A double-blind, split-mouth, randomized controlled clinical trial. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 2018, 154, 326 -336.
AMA StyleChun M. Ang Khaw, Oyku Dalci, Matthew Foley, Peter Petocz, M. Ali Darendeliler, Alexandra K. Papadopoulou. Physical properties of root cementum: Part 27. Effect of low-level laser therapy on the repair of orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption: A double-blind, split-mouth, randomized controlled clinical trial. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2018; 154 (3):326-336.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChun M. Ang Khaw; Oyku Dalci; Matthew Foley; Peter Petocz; M. Ali Darendeliler; Alexandra K. Papadopoulou. 2018. "Physical properties of root cementum: Part 27. Effect of low-level laser therapy on the repair of orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption: A double-blind, split-mouth, randomized controlled clinical trial." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 154, no. 3: 326-336.
The use of low-level laser therapy is growing in the field of dentistry especially in orthodontics to speed up tooth movement and in implantology to aid osseointegration. In these dental applications, the laser energy needs to penetrate through the periodontium to the target site to stimulate photobiomodulation. The percentage of energy loss when laser is transmitted through the periodontium has not been previously studied. With the use of an 808-nanometer diode laser, the aim was to investigate the percentage loss of laser energy when transmitted through the periodontium to the extraction socket. The percentage energy loss of an 808-nm diode laser through the periodontium was measured in 27 tooth sockets by using a specifically designed photodiode ammeter. For each millimeter of increased bone thickness there was 6.81% reduction in laser energy (95% confidence interval, 5.02% to 8.60%). The gingival thickness had no statistically significant effect on energy penetration. Energy penetration depends markedly on bone thickness and is independent of gingival thickness. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the first to investigate laser penetration through the periodontium. Evidence from this study showed that laser energy penetration through the periodontium is markedly affected by bone thickness but less so by gingival thickness. Clinicians need to be aware of the biological factors that could affect laser energy penetration to the target site and adjust their laser dosages accordingly. These findings may guide dental practitioners in selecting the appropriate laser dosage parameters for low-level laser therapy.
Doreen Y. Ng; Ambrose K. Chan; Oyku Dalci; Peter Petocz; Alexandra Papadopoulou; M. Ali Darendeliler. A pilot study of laser energy transmission through bone and gingiva. The Journal of the American Dental Association 2018, 149, 704 -711.
AMA StyleDoreen Y. Ng, Ambrose K. Chan, Oyku Dalci, Peter Petocz, Alexandra Papadopoulou, M. Ali Darendeliler. A pilot study of laser energy transmission through bone and gingiva. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2018; 149 (8):704-711.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDoreen Y. Ng; Ambrose K. Chan; Oyku Dalci; Peter Petocz; Alexandra Papadopoulou; M. Ali Darendeliler. 2018. "A pilot study of laser energy transmission through bone and gingiva." The Journal of the American Dental Association 149, no. 8: 704-711.
This chapter sketches in broad strokes and critically examines several aspects of the world of research that pertain to the teaching, learning, understanding, and using of statistics and probability in diverse contexts, both formal and informal. It reflects on the methods and conceptual schemes that underlie the research activity in this field (the how), the topics being researched (the what), and the people carrying out the research (the who). The chapter examines purposes and motivations for different types of studies in statistics education, distinguishing between large-R research that often aims for academic reporting and generalizability versus small-r types of research whose motivation is more on local problems set in a particular context. We illustrate some trends in the field by presenting empirical results from an exploratory qualitative analysis of the text of a body of papers and publications in the field. The chapter points out that the range of what qualifies as research in (or of relevance to) statistics education is much broader than what gets published in leading journals and conferences in our field. It highlights the multiplicity of philosophical foundations and methodologies in use. Some directions for future development and research are outlined, including aspects of statistical literacy, cultural dimensions of statistics education research, the role of practitioner inquiry, and the importance of broad interdisciplinary research in statistics education.
Peter Petocz; Anna Reid; Iddo Gal. Statistics Education Research. Springer International Handbooks of Education 2017, 71 -99.
AMA StylePeter Petocz, Anna Reid, Iddo Gal. Statistics Education Research. Springer International Handbooks of Education. 2017; ():71-99.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeter Petocz; Anna Reid; Iddo Gal. 2017. "Statistics Education Research." Springer International Handbooks of Education , no. : 71-99.
Zinc is an essential trace element that has been implicated in numerous biological functions, including immunity, energy metabolism and antioxidative processes. Recent evaluations of the literature have provided evidence of significant acute changes in zinc metabolism following a bout of aerobic exercise.
Anna Chu; Cushla Holdaway; Trishala Varma; Peter Petocz; Samir Samman. Lower Serum Zinc Concentration Despite Higher Dietary Zinc Intake in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Medicine 2017, 48, 327 -336.
AMA StyleAnna Chu, Cushla Holdaway, Trishala Varma, Peter Petocz, Samir Samman. Lower Serum Zinc Concentration Despite Higher Dietary Zinc Intake in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Medicine. 2017; 48 (2):327-336.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Chu; Cushla Holdaway; Trishala Varma; Peter Petocz; Samir Samman. 2017. "Lower Serum Zinc Concentration Despite Higher Dietary Zinc Intake in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Sports Medicine 48, no. 2: 327-336.
There are limited data on the evolution of eating habits, including snacking, in Australia. This study aimed to understand snacking trends among Australian children over three previous National Nutrition Surveys. Data were analysed from a single weekday 24-h recall in the National Nutrition Surveys 1995, 2007, 2011-12 among children 2-16y (n = 8258). A snacking occasion was defined as an eating occasion that occurred between meals based on time of day. The percentage of children snacking increased over time (92.5 ± 0.5(SE) % in 1995, 98.1 ± 0.3% in 2007, and 95.8 ± 0.4% in 2011-12) (P < 0.001), particularly among those having four or more snacking occasions (7.1 ± 0.5% in 1995, 17.9 ± 0.6% in 2007, and 18.5 ± 0.8% in 2011-2) (P < 0.001). The mean number of snacking occasions increased from 2.0 ± 0.0 in 1995, to 2.5 ± 0.0 in 2007 and 2011-12 (P < 0.001). The energy contribution from snacking increased from 24.1 ± 0.3% in 1995 to 27.7 ± 0.3% in 2007 and 30.5 ± 0.4% in 2011-12 (P < 0.001), while the energy from discretionary food during snacking decreased from 56.5 ± 0.7% in 1995 to 47.3 ± 0.5% in 2007 and 47.9 ± 0.7% in 2011-12 (P < 0.001). There were differences in the top foods consumed during snacking: non-alcoholic beverages were prominent contributors in 1995 but not in 2007 or 2011, and pome fruit was the second top energy contributor during snacking in 2007 and 2011 but only fourth in 1995. Snacking is a prominent dietary pattern that has increased over time in frequency and energy contribution. Foods and beverages consumed during snacking occasions include a mix of core foods and discretionary foods, and while the contribution of discretionary foods has decreased, there is still an opportunity to encourage consumption of more nutrient dense foods during snacking.
Flávia Fayet-Moore; Véronique Peters; Andrew McConnell; Peter Petocz; Alison L. Eldridge. Weekday snacking prevalence, frequency, and energy contribution have increased while foods consumed during snacking have shifted among Australian children and adolescents: 1995, 2007 and 2011–12 National Nutrition Surveys. Nutrition Journal 2017, 16, 65 .
AMA StyleFlávia Fayet-Moore, Véronique Peters, Andrew McConnell, Peter Petocz, Alison L. Eldridge. Weekday snacking prevalence, frequency, and energy contribution have increased while foods consumed during snacking have shifted among Australian children and adolescents: 1995, 2007 and 2011–12 National Nutrition Surveys. Nutrition Journal. 2017; 16 (1):65.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFlávia Fayet-Moore; Véronique Peters; Andrew McConnell; Peter Petocz; Alison L. Eldridge. 2017. "Weekday snacking prevalence, frequency, and energy contribution have increased while foods consumed during snacking have shifted among Australian children and adolescents: 1995, 2007 and 2011–12 National Nutrition Surveys." Nutrition Journal 16, no. 1: 65.
There is limited evidence in Australia that compares the nutritional impact of a breakfast cereal breakfast to a non-cereal breakfast, and includes the type of cereal. This study investigated the impact of breakfast choice and the total sugar content of breakfast cereal on nutrient intakes and anthropometric measures among Australian children and adolescents. Data from 2 to 18-year-old in the 2011–2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey were used (n = 2821). Participants were classified as breakfast cereal consumers (minimally pre-sweetened (MPS) or pre-sweetened (PS)), non-cereal breakfast consumers, or breakfast skippers. Foods consumed for breakfast, foods added to the cereal bowl, and the impact of breakfast choice on daily nutrient intakes and anthropometric measures were determined. Although only 9% of children skipped breakfast, 61% of skippers were aged 14–18 years. Among breakfast consumers, 49% had breakfast cereal, and 62% of these exclusively consumed MPS cereal. Breakfast skippers had a higher saturated fat intake than breakfast cereal consumers, and lower intakes of dietary fibre and most micronutrients (p < 0.001). Compared with non-cereal breakfast consumers, breakfast cereal consumers had similar added and free sugars intakes, lower sodium, and higher total sugars, carbohydrate, dietary fibre, and almost all other micronutrients (p < 0.001). The only difference in nutrient intakes between MPS and PS cereal consumers was higher folate among PS consumers. No associations between anthropometric measures and breakfast or breakfast cereal choice were found. The highest prevalence of breakfast skipping was among 14–18-year old. Breakfast cereal consumers had higher intakes of dietary fibre and most micronutrients compared with non-cereal breakfast consumers and skippers, and almost no differences were found between MPS and PS cereal consumers.
Flavia Fayet-Moore; Andrew McConnell; Kate Tuck; Peter Petocz. Breakfast and Breakfast Cereal Choice and Its Impact on Nutrient and Sugar Intakes and Anthropometric Measures among a Nationally Representative Sample of Australian Children and Adolescents. Nutrients 2017, 9, 1045 .
AMA StyleFlavia Fayet-Moore, Andrew McConnell, Kate Tuck, Peter Petocz. Breakfast and Breakfast Cereal Choice and Its Impact on Nutrient and Sugar Intakes and Anthropometric Measures among a Nationally Representative Sample of Australian Children and Adolescents. Nutrients. 2017; 9 (10):1045.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFlavia Fayet-Moore; Andrew McConnell; Kate Tuck; Peter Petocz. 2017. "Breakfast and Breakfast Cereal Choice and Its Impact on Nutrient and Sugar Intakes and Anthropometric Measures among a Nationally Representative Sample of Australian Children and Adolescents." Nutrients 9, no. 10: 1045.
The Australian Dietary Guidelines recommended “grain (cereal)” core food group includes both refined and whole grain foods, but excludes those that are discretionary (i.e., cakes). We investigated the association between daily serves from the “grain (cereal)” group and its effect on fibre and adiposity. Data from Australian adults in the 2011–2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey were used (n = 9341). Participants were categorised by serves of core grain foods and general linear models were used to investigate the effect of demographic, socioeconomic, and dietary covariates on waist circumference, body mass index (BMI) and fibre intake. Compared to core grain avoiders (0 serves), high consumers (6+ serves/day) were: more likely male and socially advantaged, had a healthier dietary pattern, less likely dieting, overweight or obese, and were at lower risk of metabolic complications. After adjustment for age, sex and energy intake, there was an inverse relationship between core grain serves intake and BMI (p < 0.001), waist circumference (p = 0.001) and a positive relationship with fibre (p < 0.001). Model adjustments for diet and lifestyle factors resulted in a smaller difference in waist circumference (p = 0.006) and BMI (p = 0.006). Core grain serves was significantly associated with higher fibre, but marginally clinically significant for lower adiposity.
Flavia Fayet-Moore; Peter Petocz; Andrew McConnell; Kate Tuck; Marie Mansour. The Cross-Sectional Association between Consumption of the Recommended Five Food Group “Grain (Cereal)”, Dietary Fibre and Anthropometric Measures among Australian Adults. Nutrients 2017, 9, 157 .
AMA StyleFlavia Fayet-Moore, Peter Petocz, Andrew McConnell, Kate Tuck, Marie Mansour. The Cross-Sectional Association between Consumption of the Recommended Five Food Group “Grain (Cereal)”, Dietary Fibre and Anthropometric Measures among Australian Adults. Nutrients. 2017; 9 (2):157.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFlavia Fayet-Moore; Peter Petocz; Andrew McConnell; Kate Tuck; Marie Mansour. 2017. "The Cross-Sectional Association between Consumption of the Recommended Five Food Group “Grain (Cereal)”, Dietary Fibre and Anthropometric Measures among Australian Adults." Nutrients 9, no. 2: 157.
The piezocision procedure that initiates the regional acceleratory phenomenon may increase the iatrogenic root resorption when used in conjunction with orthodontic forces. Piezocision applied close to the roots may cause iatrogenic damage to the neighboring roots and should be used carefully.
Braydon M. Patterson; Oyku Dalci; Alexandra Papadopoulou; Suman Madukuri; Jonathan Mahon; Peter Petocz; Axel Spahr; M. Ali Darendeliler. Effect of piezocision on root resorption associated with orthodontic force: A microcomputed tomography study. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 2017, 151, 53 -62.
AMA StyleBraydon M. Patterson, Oyku Dalci, Alexandra Papadopoulou, Suman Madukuri, Jonathan Mahon, Peter Petocz, Axel Spahr, M. Ali Darendeliler. Effect of piezocision on root resorption associated with orthodontic force: A microcomputed tomography study. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2017; 151 (1):53-62.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBraydon M. Patterson; Oyku Dalci; Alexandra Papadopoulou; Suman Madukuri; Jonathan Mahon; Peter Petocz; Axel Spahr; M. Ali Darendeliler. 2017. "Effect of piezocision on root resorption associated with orthodontic force: A microcomputed tomography study." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 151, no. 1: 53-62.
International and national testing of numerical and language skills has become a regular part of educational systems in many countries. In Australia, the National Assessment Program—Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN) has been used since 2008 to carry out regular tests of literacy and numeracy amongst school students nationally. Since the numeracy components of this program are based on work carried out in school mathematics classes, it seems reasonable that tests represent an evaluation of mathematical ability, albeit at the simpler and introductory levels. However, there has been little investigation of students’ ideas about numeracy, and the role that their attitudes towards numeracy may have on their results on the numeracy components of NAPLAN tests. This study carries out an empirical investigation of ideas about and attitudes towards numeracy, and their relation to NAPLAN scores for a sample of 735 lower secondary students from two schools in New South Wales, Australia. Attitudes are measured using a modified form of the Students’ Attitudes Towards Statistics, (SATS-36) test (Schau in Survey of attitudes towards statistics, http://www.evaluationandstatistics.com, 2003), and conceptions of numeracy are obtained from phenomenographic analysis of an open-ended response item. The overall conclusion, that students’ understanding of the concept of numeracy and their attitudes towards numeracy are related to their performance in numeracy tests, represents a potentially important result both for students and their teachers.
Amanda J. Parnis; Peter Petocz. Secondary school students’ attitudes towards numeracy: an Australian investigation based on the National Assessment Program—Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN). The Australian Educational Researcher 2016, 43, 551 -566.
AMA StyleAmanda J. Parnis, Peter Petocz. Secondary school students’ attitudes towards numeracy: an Australian investigation based on the National Assessment Program—Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN). The Australian Educational Researcher. 2016; 43 (5):551-566.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmanda J. Parnis; Peter Petocz. 2016. "Secondary school students’ attitudes towards numeracy: an Australian investigation based on the National Assessment Program—Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN)." The Australian Educational Researcher 43, no. 5: 551-566.
Recent data on breakfast consumption among Australian children are limited. This study examined the impact of breakfast skipping and breakfast type (cereal or non-cereal) on nutrient intakes, likelihood of meeting nutrient targets and anthropometric measures. A secondary analysis of two 24-h recall data from the 2007 Australian National Children’s Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey was conducted (2–16 years; n = 4487) to identify (a) breakfast skippers and (b) breakfast consumers, with breakfast consumers further sub-divided into (i) non-cereal and (ii) cereal consumers. Only 4% skipped breakfast and 59% of skippers were 14–16 years. Breakfast consumers had significantly higher intakes of calcium and folate, and significantly lower intakes of total fat than breakfast skippers. Cereal consumers were more likely to meet targets and consume significantly higher fibre, calcium, iron, had significantly higher intakes of folate, total sugars and carbohydrate, and significantly lower intakes of total fat and sodium than non-cereal consumers. The prevalence of overweight was lower among breakfast consumers compared to skippers, and among cereal consumers compared to-cereal consumers (p < 0.001), while no significant differences were observed for mean body mass index (BMI), BMI z-score, waist circumference and physical activity level across the categories. Breakfast and particularly breakfast cereal consumption contributes important nutrients to children’s diets.
Flavia Fayet-Moore; Jean Kim; Nilani Sritharan; Peter Petocz. Impact of Breakfast Skipping and Breakfast Choice on the Nutrient Intake and Body Mass Index of Australian Children. Nutrients 2016, 8, 487 .
AMA StyleFlavia Fayet-Moore, Jean Kim, Nilani Sritharan, Peter Petocz. Impact of Breakfast Skipping and Breakfast Choice on the Nutrient Intake and Body Mass Index of Australian Children. Nutrients. 2016; 8 (8):487.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFlavia Fayet-Moore; Jean Kim; Nilani Sritharan; Peter Petocz. 2016. "Impact of Breakfast Skipping and Breakfast Choice on the Nutrient Intake and Body Mass Index of Australian Children." Nutrients 8, no. 8: 487.
The influence of maternal macronutrient balance and dietary glycemic index (GI) on neonatal body composition has received little study. We hypothesized that the overall quantity and quality of macronutrients, particularly carbohydrate, in the maternal diet could have trimester-specific effects on neonatal growth and body composition in women at risk of gestational diabetes. Maternal diet was assessed using 3-day food records in mid (n = 96) and late (n = 88) pregnancy as part of the GI Baby 3 study. Neonatal body composition was assessed by air-displacement plethysmography within 48 h of birth, adjusted for length, and expressed as fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI). In mid pregnancy, higher maternal intake of carbohydrate energy was negatively correlated with infant FFMI (p = 0.037). In late pregnancy, higher dietary GI was associated with lower FFMI (p = 0.010) and higher carbohydrate energy predicted lower FMI (p = 0.034). Higher fat intake (%E) and saturated fat, but not protein, also predicted neonatal body composition (higher FFMI in mid pregnancy and higher FMI in late pregnancy). Depending on pregnancy stage, a high carbohydrate-low fat diet, particularly from high glycemic sources, may reduce neonatal indices of both lean mass and adiposity.
Nathalie V. Kizirian; Tania P. Markovic; Roslyn Muirhead; Shannon Brodie; Sarah P. Garnett; Jimmy C. Y. Louie; Peter Petocz; Glynis P. Ross; Jennie C. Brand-Miller. Macronutrient Balance and Dietary Glycemic Index in Pregnancy Predict Neonatal Body Composition. Nutrients 2016, 8, 270 .
AMA StyleNathalie V. Kizirian, Tania P. Markovic, Roslyn Muirhead, Shannon Brodie, Sarah P. Garnett, Jimmy C. Y. Louie, Peter Petocz, Glynis P. Ross, Jennie C. Brand-Miller. Macronutrient Balance and Dietary Glycemic Index in Pregnancy Predict Neonatal Body Composition. Nutrients. 2016; 8 (5):270.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNathalie V. Kizirian; Tania P. Markovic; Roslyn Muirhead; Shannon Brodie; Sarah P. Garnett; Jimmy C. Y. Louie; Peter Petocz; Glynis P. Ross; Jennie C. Brand-Miller. 2016. "Macronutrient Balance and Dietary Glycemic Index in Pregnancy Predict Neonatal Body Composition." Nutrients 8, no. 5: 270.
Dietary patterns that induce excessive insulin secretion may contribute to worsening insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction. Our aim was to generate mathematical algorithms to improve the prediction of postprandial glycaemia and insulinaemia for foods of known nutrient composition, glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL). We used an expanded database of food insulin index (FII) values generated by testing 1000 kJ portions of 147 common foods relative to a reference food in lean, young, healthy volunteers. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were applied to validate previously generated equations for predicting insulinaemia, and develop improved predictive models. Large differences in insulinaemic responses within and between food groups were evident. GL, GI and available carbohydrate content were the strongest predictors of the FII, explaining 55%, 51% and 47% of variation respectively. Fat, protein and sugar were significant but relatively weak predictors, accounting for only 31%, 7% and 13% of the variation respectively. Nutritional composition alone explained only 50% of variability. The best algorithm included a measure of glycemic response, sugar and protein content and explained 78% of variation. Knowledge of the GI or glycaemic response to 1000 kJ portions together with nutrient composition therefore provides a good approximation for ranking of foods according to their “insulin demand”.
Kirstine J. Bell; Peter Petocz; Stephen Colagiuri; Jennie C. Brand-Miller. Algorithms to Improve the Prediction of Postprandial Insulinaemia in Response to Common Foods. Nutrients 2016, 8, 210 .
AMA StyleKirstine J. Bell, Peter Petocz, Stephen Colagiuri, Jennie C. Brand-Miller. Algorithms to Improve the Prediction of Postprandial Insulinaemia in Response to Common Foods. Nutrients. 2016; 8 (4):210.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKirstine J. Bell; Peter Petocz; Stephen Colagiuri; Jennie C. Brand-Miller. 2016. "Algorithms to Improve the Prediction of Postprandial Insulinaemia in Response to Common Foods." Nutrients 8, no. 4: 210.
Background: The Food Insulin Index (FII) is a novel algorithm for ranking foods based on their insulin demand relative to an isoenergetic reference food. We compared the effect of carbohydrate counting (CC) versus the FII algorithm for estimating insulin dosage on glycemic control in type 1 diabetes.Materials and Methods: In a randomized, controlled trial, adults (n = 26) using insulin pump therapy were assigned to using either traditional CC or the novel Food Insulin Demand (FID) counting for 12 weeks. Subjects participated in group education and individual sessions. At baseline and on completion of the trial, glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), day-long glycemia (6-day continuous glucose monitoring), fasting lipids, and C-reactive protein were determined.Results: Changes in HbA1c from baseline to 12 weeks were small and not significant in both groups (mean ± SEM; FII vs. CC, −0.1 ± 0.1% vs. −0.3 ± 0.2%; P = 0.855). The incremental area under the curve following breakfast declined significantly among the FID counters with no change in the CC group (FID vs. CC, −93 ± 41 mmol/L/min [P = 0.043] vs. 4 ± 50 mmol/L/min [P = 0.938]; between groups, P = 0.143). The mean amplitude of the glycemic excursion (MAGE) was significantly reduced among the FID counters (FID vs. CC, −6.1 ± 1.0 vs. −1.3 ± 1.0 mmol/L; P = 0.003), and only the FID counters experienced a trend (−44% vs. +11%; P = 0.057) to reduced hypoglycemia.Conclusions: In a 12-week pilot study, MAGE and postprandial glycemia following breakfast were significantly improved with FII counting versus CC, despite no significant differences in HbA1c.
Kirstine J. Bell; Robyn Gray; Diane Munns; Peter Petocz; Garry Steil; Gabrielle Howard; Stephen Colagiuri; Jennie C. Brand-Miller. Clinical Application of the Food Insulin Index for Mealtime Insulin Dosing in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics 2016, 18, 218 -225.
AMA StyleKirstine J. Bell, Robyn Gray, Diane Munns, Peter Petocz, Garry Steil, Gabrielle Howard, Stephen Colagiuri, Jennie C. Brand-Miller. Clinical Application of the Food Insulin Index for Mealtime Insulin Dosing in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics. 2016; 18 (4):218-225.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKirstine J. Bell; Robyn Gray; Diane Munns; Peter Petocz; Garry Steil; Gabrielle Howard; Stephen Colagiuri; Jennie C. Brand-Miller. 2016. "Clinical Application of the Food Insulin Index for Mealtime Insulin Dosing in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics 18, no. 4: 218-225.