Extraosseous Ewings sarcoma is extremely rare in the soft tissues of the neck, especially in the sternocleidomastoid muscle. It usually manifests clinically as a rapidly growing mass that shows great potential for local spread. The aim of this paper is to present a rare case of еxtraosseous Ewings sarcoma in the sternocleidomastoid muscle. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of extraskeletal Ewings sarcoma at this location. The patient was admitted to our clinic because of a neck tumefaction. The computerized tomography finding showed a tumor mass, most of which was in the V region of the neck, measuring 40×27×35mm. Pathohistological and immunohistochemical findings showed that it was Ewings sarcoma. Unfortunately, the patient passed away nine months after the initial diagnosis. Extraosseous Ewing sarcoma is a rare, fast-growing malignant tumor manifesting histomorphological similarities to bone Ewings sarcoma. Most reports state that extraosseous Ewing sarcoma has a worse prognosis than skeletal. Extraosseous Ewing sarcoma should be borne in mind in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue tumors of the neck.

Angiosarcoma is a rare, highly aggressive vascular malignancy, and sinonasal involvement is exceptionally uncommon. The authors report a 63-year-old man with 6 months of mild epistaxis and progressive nasal obstruction due to a friable mass involving the nasal septum and columella, completely occluding the left nasal cavity. Imaging showed no regional or distant metastases. An initial biopsy elsewhere suggested adenoid carcinoma, but histopathologic re-evaluation of the excised tumor, including immunohistochemistry, revealed angiosarcoma with diffuse nuclear ERG positivity and absence of epithelial markers, confirming its vascular origin. Complete macroscopic resection was achieved through an open approach, and the patient was referred to a multidisciplinary sarcoma board. This case illustrates the diagnostic pitfalls of sinonasal angiosarcoma and emphasizes comprehensive histopathologic assessment and multidisciplinary planning to optimize management of this rare entity.

Lymphangiomas are rare, benign malformations of the lymphatic system, predominantly diagnosed in early childhood. Adult-onset cases are exceptionally uncommon, especially when localized to the nasopharynx. The authors report the case of a 25-year-old woman who presented with upper airway symptoms caused by a cystic nasopharyngeal mass. Imaging and histopathological analysis confirmed a cavernous lymphangioma. The lesion was managed through endoscopic drainage and bipolar cauterization, with no recurrence observed at 18-month follow-up. This case highlights the diagnostic challenge posed by atypical lymphangiomas in adults and emphasizes the importance of including lymphatic malformations in the differential diagnosis of nasopharyngeal masses. Early endoscopic evaluation and histologic confirmation are crucial for timely and effective management.

Adult rhabdomyoma is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor showing skeletal muscle differentiation, most commonly occurring in the head and neck region. Despite its benign nature, local recurrence may occur, particularly after incomplete excision. The authors report a case of a recurrent cervical adult rhabdomyoma in a middle-aged male patient who presented with a gradually enlarging neck mass. Clinical examination, flexible endoscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a well-defined lesion involving the right side of the neck with extension toward the parapharyngeal space. The tumor was surgically excised through a transcervical approach. Histopathologic examination demonstrated large polygonal cells with abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm and characteristic cytoplasmic vacuolization. Immunohistochemical analysis showed strong positivity for desmin, confirming the diagnosis of adult rhabdomyoma. The postoperative course was uneventful, and no evidence of recurrence was observed during follow-up. This case highlights the importance of considering adult rhabdomyoma in the differential diagnosis of neck masses and emphasizes complete surgical excision to minimize the risk of recurrence.

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a chronic, heterogeneous inflammatory disease associated with substantial impairment of nasal breathing, olfaction, and patients' quality of life. Its etiology and pathogenesis are multifactorial and involve epithelial barrier dysfunction, impaired mucociliary clearance, dysbiosis, biofilm formation, Staphylococcus aureus, eosinophilic/type 2 inflammation, local IgE production, tissue remodeling, environmental factors, and numerous comorbidities. The coexistence of asthma and intolerance to aspirin and/or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is particularly important within the unified airway concept. Diagnosis is established by correlating characteristic symptoms with objective findings obtained by clinical and/or endoscopic examination of the nose and computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses. Assessment of disease severity, comorbidities, and relevant differential diagnoses is essential. The cornerstone of treatment is intranasal corticosteroid therapy and nasal saline irrigation, whereas systemic corticosteroids, endoscopic sinus surgery, and biologic therapy are reserved for more severe, recurrent, or uncontrolled disease. The diagnostic and therapeutic approach to CRSwNP requires differentiation between disease phenotypes and endotypes, recognition of type 2 inflammation, active management of associated conditions, and continuous monitoring of treatment response based on symptoms, endoscopic findings, quality of life, and the need for additional interventions. This review summarizes current evidence on the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, quality of life, diagnostic criteria, and modern treatment options for CRSwNP, based on systematic reviews, clinical guidelines, and original studies. An individualized approach, adequate control of local disease and comorbidities, and regular follow-up are key to improving long-term treatment outcomes.