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Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient, both as a component of several important plant structural compounds and as a catalyst in the conversion of numerous important biochemical reactions in plants. The soil Olsen P (OP) level is an important factor affecting crop production and P-use efficiency (PUE). We tested the effect of six OP levels and P doses on maize yield, where the P doses were 0, 22, 44, 59, 73, and 117 kg P2O5 ha−1, with three replications, from 2017 to 2019. The response of crop yield to the OP level can be divided into two parts, below 28 mg kg−1 and above 28 mg kg−1. The change point between the two parts was determined as the agronomic critical level for maize crops in the study area. The PUE (%) increased with soil OP levels and decreased with P fertilizer application rates. In addition, results for the low P application rate (P2), 22 kg P2O5 ha−1, showed that PUE significantly increased with an increase in the soil OP level compared with PUE at a low OP level (OP1), 0 kg P2O5 ha−1. The PUE value increased by 49.5%, 40.1%, and 32.4% at a high OP level (OP6) in 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively, compared to that at a low OP level (OP1). At the same OP levels, in all three years, the PUE at a high P application rate (P6) decreased significantly, in the range of 62.8% to 78.7%, compared to that at a low P application rate (P2). Under an average deficit of 100 kg ha−1 P, the OP level of the soil in all three years decreased by 3.9 mg kg−1 in the treatment without P addition (P1) and increased by 2.4–3.5 mg kg−1 in the P treatments for each 100 kg ha−1 P surplus. A phosphorus application rate of 44 kg P2O5 ha−1 and an OP level of 28 mg kg−1 are sufficient to obtain an optimum yield, increase the PUE, and reduce environmental hazards in the study area in northeastern China.
Khalid Ibrahim; Qiong Wang; Le Wang; Weiwei Zhang; Chang Peng; Shuxiang Zhang. Determining the Optimum Level of Soil Olsen Phosphorus and Phosphorus Fertilizer Application for High Phosphorus-Use Efficiency in Zea mays L. in Black Soil. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5983 .
AMA StyleKhalid Ibrahim, Qiong Wang, Le Wang, Weiwei Zhang, Chang Peng, Shuxiang Zhang. Determining the Optimum Level of Soil Olsen Phosphorus and Phosphorus Fertilizer Application for High Phosphorus-Use Efficiency in Zea mays L. in Black Soil. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):5983.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhalid Ibrahim; Qiong Wang; Le Wang; Weiwei Zhang; Chang Peng; Shuxiang Zhang. 2021. "Determining the Optimum Level of Soil Olsen Phosphorus and Phosphorus Fertilizer Application for High Phosphorus-Use Efficiency in Zea mays L. in Black Soil." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 5983.
Soil Olsen P level has a major influence on crop yield, efficient P utilization, and soil fertility. In this study, the optimum Olsen P range was determined from long-term (1990–2012) field experiments in three typical soil types of China under single cropping of maize or double cropping of maize and wheat. The critical soil Olsen P value for crop yield was evaluated using three different models, and the relationships among P use efficiency (PUE), Olsen P, and total P were analyzed. The agronomic critical soil Olsen P values obtained from the three models for the neutral soil of Gongzhuling and the calcareous soil of Zhengzhou were similar; however, the values from the linear-linear and linear-plateau models for both maize and wheat were substantially lower than those from the Mitscherlich model for the acidic soil of Qiyang. The PUE response change rates (linear equation slopes) under different soil Olsen P levels were small, indicating slight or no changes in the PUE as the soil Olsen P increased in all three soils. A comparison of the Olsen P levels that achieved the maximal PUE with the agronomic critical values derived from the three models indicated that the linear-plateau model exhibited the best performance. The regression equation coefficients of Olsen P response to total P decreased as follows: Zhengzhou (73 mg g−1) > Qiyang (65 mg g−1) > Gongzhuling (55 mg g−1). The Olsen P level increased as the total P increased, which may result in a decrease in PUE. To achieve a relatively high crop yield, PUE, and soil fertility, the optimum Olsen P range should be 13–40, 10–40, and 29–40 mg kg−1 at Gongzhuling, Zhengzhou, and Qiyang, respectively.
Qihua Wu; Shuxiang Zhang; Gu Feng; Ping Zhu; Shaomin Huang; Boren Wang; Minggang Xu. Determining the optimum range of soil Olsen P for high P use efficiency, crop yield, and soil fertility in three typical cropland soils. Pedosphere 2020, 30, 832 -843.
AMA StyleQihua Wu, Shuxiang Zhang, Gu Feng, Ping Zhu, Shaomin Huang, Boren Wang, Minggang Xu. Determining the optimum range of soil Olsen P for high P use efficiency, crop yield, and soil fertility in three typical cropland soils. Pedosphere. 2020; 30 (6):832-843.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQihua Wu; Shuxiang Zhang; Gu Feng; Ping Zhu; Shaomin Huang; Boren Wang; Minggang Xu. 2020. "Determining the optimum range of soil Olsen P for high P use efficiency, crop yield, and soil fertility in three typical cropland soils." Pedosphere 30, no. 6: 832-843.
The phosphorus activation coefficient (PAC, the ratio of available P to total P) is an important indicator of soil P availability and the transformation of P fractions. Understanding the details of the PAC is useful to estimate soil available P status and to provide P management guidance. In this research, soils from five long-term (23 years) fertilization treatments in three croplands were selected to examine the relationships between the PAC and P fractions and to analyse the influencing factors. PAC was affected by both soil types and fertilization treatments. Compared to the unfertilized control (CK) treatment, long-term P application significantly increased the PAC, all of the inorganic P (Pi) fractions and most of the organic P (Po) fractions in all the three soils, particularly in chemical fertilizer combined with manure treatment (NPKM). The PAC was significantly correlated to all of the Pi fractions proportions (P<0.05) except for Dil. HCl-Pi and Conc. HCl-Pi. Compared with CK, the chemical P and chemical P combined with manure treatments increased the ratio of total Pi fractions to total Po fractions (Pit/Pot); furthermore, NPKM significantly increased the organic C (Co) content and decreased the Co/Pot ratio. Stepwise multiple regressions showed that PAC = 0.93 Co+0.69 Pit/Pot-0.07 Co/Pot-0.27CaCO3-3.79 (R2 = 0.924, P<0.001). In addition, the variance partitioning analysis showed that more variance of PAC is explained by soil factors (29.53%) than by P input (0.19%) and climate (0.25%) factors. Our findings demonstrate that P application increased the PAC by changing the Co content and the proportion of P fractions. Moreover, soil factors were the most important drivers of P transformations, and NPKM was optimal for improving soil fertility in Chinese croplands.
Qihua Wu; Shuxiang Zhang; Ping Zhu; Shaomin Huang; Boren Wang; Linping Zhao; Minggang Xu. Characterizing differences in the phosphorus activation coefficient of three typical cropland soils and the influencing factors under long-term fertilization. PLOS ONE 2017, 12, e0176437 .
AMA StyleQihua Wu, Shuxiang Zhang, Ping Zhu, Shaomin Huang, Boren Wang, Linping Zhao, Minggang Xu. Characterizing differences in the phosphorus activation coefficient of three typical cropland soils and the influencing factors under long-term fertilization. PLOS ONE. 2017; 12 (5):e0176437.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQihua Wu; Shuxiang Zhang; Ping Zhu; Shaomin Huang; Boren Wang; Linping Zhao; Minggang Xu. 2017. "Characterizing differences in the phosphorus activation coefficient of three typical cropland soils and the influencing factors under long-term fertilization." PLOS ONE 12, no. 5: e0176437.
Pu Shen; Minggang Xu; Huimin Zhang; Xueyun Yang; Shaomin Huang; Shuxiang Zhang; Xinhua He. Long-term response of soil Olsen P and organic C to the depletion or addition of chemical and organic fertilizers. CATENA 2014, 118, 20 -27.
AMA StylePu Shen, Minggang Xu, Huimin Zhang, Xueyun Yang, Shaomin Huang, Shuxiang Zhang, Xinhua He. Long-term response of soil Olsen P and organic C to the depletion or addition of chemical and organic fertilizers. CATENA. 2014; 118 ():20-27.
Chicago/Turabian StylePu Shen; Minggang Xu; Huimin Zhang; Xueyun Yang; Shaomin Huang; Shuxiang Zhang; Xinhua He. 2014. "Long-term response of soil Olsen P and organic C to the depletion or addition of chemical and organic fertilizers." CATENA 118, no. : 20-27.
Zhong-Fang Li; Ming-Gang Xu; Hui-Min Zhang; Shu-Xiang Zhang; Wen-Jü Zhang. [Sustainability of crop yields in China under long-term fertilization and different ecological conditions]. Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology 2010, 21, 1 .
AMA StyleZhong-Fang Li, Ming-Gang Xu, Hui-Min Zhang, Shu-Xiang Zhang, Wen-Jü Zhang. [Sustainability of crop yields in China under long-term fertilization and different ecological conditions]. Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology. 2010; 21 (5):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhong-Fang Li; Ming-Gang Xu; Hui-Min Zhang; Shu-Xiang Zhang; Wen-Jü Zhang. 2010. "[Sustainability of crop yields in China under long-term fertilization and different ecological conditions]." Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology 21, no. 5: 1.
Jing Gao; Shu-Xiang Zhang; Ming-Gang Xu; Shao-Min Huang; Xue-Yun Yang. [Phosphorus use efficiency of wheat on three typical farmland soils under long-term fertilization]. Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology 2009, 20, 1 .
AMA StyleJing Gao, Shu-Xiang Zhang, Ming-Gang Xu, Shao-Min Huang, Xue-Yun Yang. [Phosphorus use efficiency of wheat on three typical farmland soils under long-term fertilization]. Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology. 2009; 20 (9):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJing Gao; Shu-Xiang Zhang; Ming-Gang Xu; Shao-Min Huang; Xue-Yun Yang. 2009. "[Phosphorus use efficiency of wheat on three typical farmland soils under long-term fertilization]." Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology 20, no. 9: 1.