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W.D. Liu
Laboratory for Precision and Nano Processing Technologies, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, The University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2052, Australia.

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Accepted manuscript
Published: 21 March 2019 in Materials Research Express
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Glassy carbon (GC) possesses excellent thermal resistance but is apt to oxidation. This significantly limits its potential applications in high-temperature environments. This paper investigates the surface deterioration mechanisms of three types of GCs prepared at different heat treatment temperatures (HTT) and/or machining conditions. After cyclic heating-cooling, the polished GC made under a higher HTT (GC-G) demonstrated better anti-deterioration performance than that under a lower HTT (GC-K). In the GC-K, oxidation readily proceeds along the depth direction during the heating-cooling process, leading to the reduction of Young's modulus and catastrophic surface cracks; whereas in the GC-G, the more ordered graphite sites provide resistance to the thermal oxidation induced surface deterioration. Cutting-induced defects can significantly reduce Young's modulus and accelerate the deterioration.

ACS Style

W D Liu; Mei Liu; L C Zhang. Thermally induced surface deterioration of glassy carbons. Materials Research Express 2019, 6, 075607 .

AMA Style

W D Liu, Mei Liu, L C Zhang. Thermally induced surface deterioration of glassy carbons. Materials Research Express. 2019; 6 (7):075607.

Chicago/Turabian Style

W D Liu; Mei Liu; L C Zhang. 2019. "Thermally induced surface deterioration of glassy carbons." Materials Research Express 6, no. 7: 075607.

Journal article
Published: 31 January 2019 in Coatings
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The 3ω method is an attractive technique for measuring the thermal conductivity of materials; but it cannot characterise high thermal conductivity ultra-thin film/substrate systems because of the deep heat penetration depth. Recently, a modified 3ω method with a nano-strip was specifically developed for high thermal conductivity thin film systems. This paper aims to evaluate the applicability of this method with the aid of the finite element analysis. To this end, a numerical platform of the modified 3ω method was established and applied to a bulk silicon and an AlN thin-film/Si substrate system. The numerical results were compared with the predictions of theoretical models used in the 3ω method. The study thus concluded that the modified 3ω method is suitable for characterising high thermal conductivity ultra-thin film/substrate systems.

ACS Style

Weidong Liu; Liangchi Zhang; Alireza Moridi. Finite Element Analysis of the 3ω Method for Characterising High Thermal Conductivity Ultra-Thin Film/Substrate System. Coatings 2019, 9, 87 .

AMA Style

Weidong Liu, Liangchi Zhang, Alireza Moridi. Finite Element Analysis of the 3ω Method for Characterising High Thermal Conductivity Ultra-Thin Film/Substrate System. Coatings. 2019; 9 (2):87.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Weidong Liu; Liangchi Zhang; Alireza Moridi. 2019. "Finite Element Analysis of the 3ω Method for Characterising High Thermal Conductivity Ultra-Thin Film/Substrate System." Coatings 9, no. 2: 87.

Journal article
Published: 16 October 2018 in Polymers
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This paper aims to explore the mechanisms of the complex thermo-mechanical behavior of polymer glass across a wide range of temperature variations. To this end, the free vibration frequency spectrum of simply supported poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) beams was thoroughly investigated with the aid of the impulse excitation technique. It was found that the amplitude ratio of the multiple peaks in the frequency spectrum is a strongly dependent on temperature, and that the peaks correspond to the multiple vibrational modes of the molecular network of PMMA. At a low temperature, the vibration is dominated by the overall microstructure of PMMA. With increasing the temperature, however, the contribution of the sub-microstructures is retarded by β relaxation. Above 80 °C, the vibration is fully dominated by the microstructure after relaxation. The relaxation time at the transition temperature is of the same order of the vibration period, confirming the contribution of β relaxation. These findings provide a precise method for establishing reliable physical-based constitutive models of polymer glass.

ACS Style

Weidong Liu; Liangchi Zhang. Mechanisms of the Complex Thermo-Mechanical Behavior of Polymer Glass Across a Wide Range of Temperature Variations. Polymers 2018, 10, 1153 .

AMA Style

Weidong Liu, Liangchi Zhang. Mechanisms of the Complex Thermo-Mechanical Behavior of Polymer Glass Across a Wide Range of Temperature Variations. Polymers. 2018; 10 (10):1153.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Weidong Liu; Liangchi Zhang. 2018. "Mechanisms of the Complex Thermo-Mechanical Behavior of Polymer Glass Across a Wide Range of Temperature Variations." Polymers 10, no. 10: 1153.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Surface and Coatings Technology
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ACS Style

Alireza Moridi; Liangchi Zhang; Weidong Liu; Steven Duvall; Andrew Brawley; Zhuangde Jiang; Shuming Yang; Changsheng Li. Characterisation of high thermal conductivity thin-film substrate systems and their interface thermal resistance. Surface and Coatings Technology 2018, 334, 233 -242.

AMA Style

Alireza Moridi, Liangchi Zhang, Weidong Liu, Steven Duvall, Andrew Brawley, Zhuangde Jiang, Shuming Yang, Changsheng Li. Characterisation of high thermal conductivity thin-film substrate systems and their interface thermal resistance. Surface and Coatings Technology. 2018; 334 ():233-242.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alireza Moridi; Liangchi Zhang; Weidong Liu; Steven Duvall; Andrew Brawley; Zhuangde Jiang; Shuming Yang; Changsheng Li. 2018. "Characterisation of high thermal conductivity thin-film substrate systems and their interface thermal resistance." Surface and Coatings Technology 334, no. : 233-242.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2017 in Computational Materials Science
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ACS Style

ZhongHuai Wu; Weidong Liu; Liangchi Zhang. Revealing the deformation mechanisms of 6H-silicon carbide under nano-cutting. Computational Materials Science 2017, 137, 282 -288.

AMA Style

ZhongHuai Wu, Weidong Liu, Liangchi Zhang. Revealing the deformation mechanisms of 6H-silicon carbide under nano-cutting. Computational Materials Science. 2017; 137 ():282-288.

Chicago/Turabian Style

ZhongHuai Wu; Weidong Liu; Liangchi Zhang. 2017. "Revealing the deformation mechanisms of 6H-silicon carbide under nano-cutting." Computational Materials Science 137, no. : 282-288.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2017 in Journal of Alloys and Compounds
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Thermoplastic forming (TPF) is an efficient process for the fabrication of metallic glass (MG) components. However, the MG-die adhesion has been one of the crucial issues in the TPF production. This paper presents comprehensive experimental and theoretical studies on the adhesion between two typical MGs (La-based and Zr-based) and various die materials including electroless Ni-P, Si, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), sapphire and SiC. It was found that of the above die materials investigated, PTFE and sapphire were the best in preventing adhesion followed by SiC, electroless Ni-P and Si. Further theoretical prediction also indicated that the work of adhesion of PTFE and sapphire are the lowest among the employed dies, which agrees very well with the experimental results. However, the low melting point of PTFE makes it not a suitable die material for the TPF of some MGs. By considering a number of forming requirements and conditions, this study concluded that sapphire is the best die material for the thermoplastic forming of MG components.

ACS Style

Amir Monfared; Weidong Liu; Liangchi Zhang. On the adhesion between metallic glass and dies during thermoplastic forming. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2017, 711, 235 -242.

AMA Style

Amir Monfared, Weidong Liu, Liangchi Zhang. On the adhesion between metallic glass and dies during thermoplastic forming. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2017; 711 ():235-242.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amir Monfared; Weidong Liu; Liangchi Zhang. 2017. "On the adhesion between metallic glass and dies during thermoplastic forming." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 711, no. : 235-242.

Journal article
Published: 12 April 2017 in Applied Optics
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Precision glass molding (PGM) can fabricate aspherical lens and irregular optical products in a single step, but its applicability is currently limited by the thermally induced residual stresses and lens shape derivation after molding. To remove this barrier, this paper develops a numerical optimization platform for PGM based on a simplex algorithm and finite element simulation. It was found that the platform can effectively reduce the residual stress in a molded lens through cooling process optimization and minimize the lens shape derivation by die shape compensation. The platform established can improve the lens quality by PMG and make molded lenses have better quality than those manufactured by ultraprecision machining processes.

ACS Style

Weidong Liu; Liangchi Zhang. Numerical optimization platform for precision glass molding by the simplex algorithm. Applied Optics 2017, 56, 3245 -3250.

AMA Style

Weidong Liu, Liangchi Zhang. Numerical optimization platform for precision glass molding by the simplex algorithm. Applied Optics. 2017; 56 (12):3245-3250.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Weidong Liu; Liangchi Zhang. 2017. "Numerical optimization platform for precision glass molding by the simplex algorithm." Applied Optics 56, no. 12: 3245-3250.

Research article
Published: 27 March 2017 in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology
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This paper presents a statistical method for characterizing the interface stresses between an elastic rough ball and a smooth rigid disc under lubrication by considering the percolation effect of lubricant flow. The statistical analysis was carried out to integrate the random, microscopic asperity deformation with the asperity–lubricant interaction. An efficient solution process with the aid of the fast Fourier transform was developed for the multi-scale analysis. To avoid numerical instability, the Poiseuille term of the average Reynolds equation was turned off when the average lubricant film thickness was below the percolation threshold and the average hydrodynamic pressure was solved by using the Couette term. This successfully overcomes the limitation in the conventional statistical treatment of mixed lubrication. Moreover, it enables a smooth transition from mixed to boundary lubrication and allows a large range of dimensionless rolling speed, which cannot be achieved by conventional approaches. Also, an empirical formula was developed to evaluate the average central and minimum film thicknesses between lubricated rough surfaces in contact. It was found that the method developed can precisely predict the effect of surface roughness on contact stresses, can effectively estimate the contribution of the direct asperity–disc contacts, and can be used to describe the lubricant performance at a rolling–sliding contact interface.

ACS Style

Chuhan Wu; Liangchi Zhang; Peilei Qu; Shanqing Li; Zhenglian Jiang; Weidong Liu. Characterization of interface stresses and lubrication of rough elastic surfaces under ball-on-disc rolling. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 2017, 231, 1552 -1573.

AMA Style

Chuhan Wu, Liangchi Zhang, Peilei Qu, Shanqing Li, Zhenglian Jiang, Weidong Liu. Characterization of interface stresses and lubrication of rough elastic surfaces under ball-on-disc rolling. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology. 2017; 231 (12):1552-1573.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chuhan Wu; Liangchi Zhang; Peilei Qu; Shanqing Li; Zhenglian Jiang; Weidong Liu. 2017. "Characterization of interface stresses and lubrication of rough elastic surfaces under ball-on-disc rolling." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 231, no. 12: 1552-1573.

Articles
Published: 02 January 2017 in Machining Science and Technology
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Nano-milling is a promising technique for making miniaturized ultraprecision components. However, its underlying material removal mechanism is unclear and the accurate prediction of its performance is lacking. This study performs a systematic molecular dynamics analysis to reveal the material removal in the nano-milling of monocrystalline copper. It was found that the grooves by nano-milling, regardless of the machining parameters used, have two common features: (i) the groove top edge distortion is due to the effects of surface energy and high strain rate and (ii) the groove profile at the outlet side of the tool rotation aligns more closely with the designed geometry as a result of the atom flow variation and residual stress distribution. A dimensional analysis showed that the cutting speed factor and groove dimension factor significantly influence the specific energy and material removal rate in nano-milling. The groove quality can be improved by increasing the groove dimension factor or by decreasing the cutting speed factor. Finally, a machinability chart was developed for quality nano-milling processes.

ACS Style

Dandan Cui; Liangchi Zhang; Kausala Mylvaganam; Weidong Liu; Weixing Xu. Nano-milling on monocrystalline copper: A molecular dynamics simulation. Machining Science and Technology 2017, 21, 67 -85.

AMA Style

Dandan Cui, Liangchi Zhang, Kausala Mylvaganam, Weidong Liu, Weixing Xu. Nano-milling on monocrystalline copper: A molecular dynamics simulation. Machining Science and Technology. 2017; 21 (1):67-85.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dandan Cui; Liangchi Zhang; Kausala Mylvaganam; Weidong Liu; Weixing Xu. 2017. "Nano-milling on monocrystalline copper: A molecular dynamics simulation." Machining Science and Technology 21, no. 1: 67-85.

Review article
Published: 22 December 2016 in Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering
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It is costly and time consuming to use machining processes, such as grinding, polishing and lapping, to produce optical glass lenses with complex features. Precision glass molding (PGM) has thus been developed to realize an efficient manufacture of such optical components in a single step. However, PGM faces various technical challenges. For example, a PGM process must be carried out within the super-cooled region of optical glass above its glass transition temperature, in which the material has an unstable non-equilibrium structure. Within a narrow window of allowable temperature variation, the glass viscosity can change from 105 to 1012 Pa$s due to the kinetic fragility of the super-cooled liquid. This makes a PGM process sensitive to its molding temperature. In addition, because of the structural relaxation in this temperature window, the atomic structure that governs the material properties is strongly dependent on time and thermal history. Such complexity often leads to residual stresses and shape distortion in a lens molded, causing unexpected changes in density and refractive index. This review will discuss some of the central issues in PGM processes and provide a method based on a manufacturing chain consideration from mold material selection, property and deformation characterization of optical glass to process optimization. The realization of such optimization is a necessary step for the Industry 4.0 of PGM.

ACS Style

Liangchi Zhang; Weidong Liu. Precision glass molding: Toward an optimal fabrication of optical lenses. Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2016, 12, 3 -17.

AMA Style

Liangchi Zhang, Weidong Liu. Precision glass molding: Toward an optimal fabrication of optical lenses. Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering. 2016; 12 (1):3-17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liangchi Zhang; Weidong Liu. 2016. "Precision glass molding: Toward an optimal fabrication of optical lenses." Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 1: 3-17.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2016 in Key Engineering Materials
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Unlike the traditional silicate glasses, borosilicate glasses behave differently because of the addition of boron atoms. Extensive studies have been carried out to understand the abnormal function of boron in glass network. However, it is not clear how the atomic structure of borosilicate glass changes under loading. This paper investigates the behaviour of borosilicate glass under uniaxial compression with the aid of ab initio simulations. Sodium borosilicate glass having 160 atoms and a mass density of 2.51 g/cm3 with composition 3Na2O-B2O3-6SiO2 were equilibrated first at 3500K, then at 2500K, 1500K, 1200K, 1000K, 825K and 625K. Structural analysis showed that at higher temperatures the sodium borosilicate liquid does not have a specific structure. At around 825 K (i.e. around Tg), boron network and silicon network form and remain stable even at a temperature of 625 K. When the supercooled sample at 825K was subjected to uniaxial compression, the stress along the compression direction first increases and then decreases with a change in boron structure, which could modify the behaviour of the borosilicate glass.

ACS Style

Kausala Mylvaganam; Wei Dong Liu; Liang Chi Zhang. First Principles Calculations of Stress-Induced Structural Changes of Supercooled Borosilicate Glass. Key Engineering Materials 2016, 725, 399 -404.

AMA Style

Kausala Mylvaganam, Wei Dong Liu, Liang Chi Zhang. First Principles Calculations of Stress-Induced Structural Changes of Supercooled Borosilicate Glass. Key Engineering Materials. 2016; 725 ():399-404.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kausala Mylvaganam; Wei Dong Liu; Liang Chi Zhang. 2016. "First Principles Calculations of Stress-Induced Structural Changes of Supercooled Borosilicate Glass." Key Engineering Materials 725, no. : 399-404.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2016 in Key Engineering Materials
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Relaxation oscillation is a nonlinear dynamic phenomenon, commonly observed in viscous-plastic deformation of materials. However, it is the first time that we observed this phenomenon in the viscous flow of borosilicate glass in its super-cooled liquid region. Our investigation identified that the oscillation is caused by the particular microstructure of borosilicate glass. Specifically, the structure of borosilicate glass consists of borate-rich and silicate-rich networks. During the viscous flow, the fast deformation in borate network tends to be localized. However, the network mixing reaction between the borate-rich and silicate-rich networks can slowly relax the fast localized deformation. These two processes occur simultaneously and as a result bring about the relaxation oscillation. Based on this mechanism, the study established a physical constitutive model to predict the relaxation oscillation during the compression of borosilicate glass.

ACS Style

Wei Dong Liu; Liang Chi Zhang. Relaxation Oscillation in the Viscous Flow of Borosilicate Glass. Key Engineering Materials 2016, 725, 372 -377.

AMA Style

Wei Dong Liu, Liang Chi Zhang. Relaxation Oscillation in the Viscous Flow of Borosilicate Glass. Key Engineering Materials. 2016; 725 ():372-377.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wei Dong Liu; Liang Chi Zhang. 2016. "Relaxation Oscillation in the Viscous Flow of Borosilicate Glass." Key Engineering Materials 725, no. : 372-377.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2016 in Materials Science Forum
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Thermoplastic forming is a promising method for fabricating metallic glass (MG) products with complex shapes. This method can avoid the difficulties encountered in other manufacturing processes, such as very high cooling rate required by casting and catastrophic cracking in machining. However, during thermoplastic forming the adhesion between dies and MGs restricts the production. It is therefore important to explore the underlying adhesion mechanisms during forming and establish guidelines for selecting proper die materials. In this paper, we comprehensively studied the adhesion between La-based MG and some widely-used die materials (electroless Ni-P, Si, alumina and silicon nitride) in the thermoplastic forming process. It was found that, among these die materials, alumina has the best performance, which is attributed to its strong chemical bonds and low surface energy. The study concludes that the surface energy and the type of chemical bonds can be proper indicators for selecting die materials.

ACS Style

Amir Monfared; Wei Dong Liu; Liang Chi Zhang. Thermomechanical Adhesion between Metallic Glass and Die Materials. Materials Science Forum 2016, 879, 1323 -1327.

AMA Style

Amir Monfared, Wei Dong Liu, Liang Chi Zhang. Thermomechanical Adhesion between Metallic Glass and Die Materials. Materials Science Forum. 2016; 879 ():1323-1327.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amir Monfared; Wei Dong Liu; Liang Chi Zhang. 2016. "Thermomechanical Adhesion between Metallic Glass and Die Materials." Materials Science Forum 879, no. : 1323-1327.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2016 in Mendeleev Communications
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The authors regret having to change the authorship of their published article, viz. to remove the names Weidong Liu and Liangchi Zhang from the author list. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.

ACS Style

Ning Luo; Hong Wen Jing; Zhan Guo Ma; Weidong Liu; Liangchi Zhang; Guilei Sun. Synthesis of polymorphic titanium oxide nanoparticles by a rapid gas-phase chemical reaction. Mendeleev Communications 2016, 26, 364 .

AMA Style

Ning Luo, Hong Wen Jing, Zhan Guo Ma, Weidong Liu, Liangchi Zhang, Guilei Sun. Synthesis of polymorphic titanium oxide nanoparticles by a rapid gas-phase chemical reaction. Mendeleev Communications. 2016; 26 (4):364.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ning Luo; Hong Wen Jing; Zhan Guo Ma; Weidong Liu; Liangchi Zhang; Guilei Sun. 2016. "Synthesis of polymorphic titanium oxide nanoparticles by a rapid gas-phase chemical reaction." Mendeleev Communications 26, no. 4: 364.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2016 in Particuology
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The nanosize grain growth characteristics of spherical single-crystal titanium oxide (TiO2) during the rapid gaseous detonation reaction are discussed. Based on the experimental conditions and the Chapman–Jouguet theory, the Kruis model was introduced to simulate the growth characteristics of spherical TiO2 nanoparticles obtained under high pressure, high temperature and by rapid reaction. The results show that the numerical analysis can satisfactorily predict the growth characteristics of spherical TiO2 nanoparticles with diameters of 15–300 nm at different affecting factors, such as concentration of particles, reaction temperature and time, which are in agreement with the obtained experimental results. We found that the increase of the gas-phase reaction temperature, time, and particle concentration affects the growth tendency of spherical nanocrystal TiO2, which provides effective theoretical support for the controllable synthesis of multi-scale nanoparticles.

ACS Style

Ning Luo; Hongwen Jing; Zhanguo Ma; Yingchao Wang; Guilei Sun; Weidong Liu. Growth characteristics of spherical titanium oxide nanoparticles during the rapid gaseous detonation reaction. Particuology 2016, 26, 102 -107.

AMA Style

Ning Luo, Hongwen Jing, Zhanguo Ma, Yingchao Wang, Guilei Sun, Weidong Liu. Growth characteristics of spherical titanium oxide nanoparticles during the rapid gaseous detonation reaction. Particuology. 2016; 26 ():102-107.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ning Luo; Hongwen Jing; Zhanguo Ma; Yingchao Wang; Guilei Sun; Weidong Liu. 2016. "Growth characteristics of spherical titanium oxide nanoparticles during the rapid gaseous detonation reaction." Particuology 26, no. : 102-107.

Journal article
Published: 21 March 2016 in Journal of Materials Research
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Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) is an important nonlinear optical crystal material for light frequency converters and Pockels photoelectric switches in laser systems. However, KDP is apt to fracture, is deliquescent, and can suffer from microstructural changes under a temperature variation. As such, KDP has been one of the most difficult-to-handle materials, but its properties have not been well understood. This paper aims to explore the mechanical properties of KDP crystals in detail with the aid of the nanoindentation technique using a Berkovich diamond indenter. It was found that the mechanical properties of KDP can be easily altered by machining-induced subsurface damage. It was also discovered that a KDP crystal is a visco-elasto-plastic material during micro/nanoscale deformation, although it is very brittle macroscopically.

ACS Style

Y. Zhang; L.C. Zhang; M. Liu; F.H. Zhang; K. Mylvaganam; Weidong Liu. Revealing the mechanical properties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals by nanoindentation. Journal of Materials Research 2016, 31, 1056 -1064.

AMA Style

Y. Zhang, L.C. Zhang, M. Liu, F.H. Zhang, K. Mylvaganam, Weidong Liu. Revealing the mechanical properties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals by nanoindentation. Journal of Materials Research. 2016; 31 (8):1056-1064.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Y. Zhang; L.C. Zhang; M. Liu; F.H. Zhang; K. Mylvaganam; Weidong Liu. 2016. "Revealing the mechanical properties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals by nanoindentation." Journal of Materials Research 31, no. 8: 1056-1064.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2016 in Mendeleev Communications
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A gas phase reaction was proposed for the production of high dispersity polymorphic titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in a closed detonation device. The phase structure, morphology and composition of TiO2 were characterized by XRD, TEM and EDX analysis.

ACS Style

Ning Luo; Hong Wen Jing; Zhan Guo Ma; Weidong Liu; Liangchi Zhang; Guilei Sun. Synthesis of polymorphic titanium oxide nanoparticles by a rapid gas-phase chemical reaction. Mendeleev Communications 2016, 26, 157 -159.

AMA Style

Ning Luo, Hong Wen Jing, Zhan Guo Ma, Weidong Liu, Liangchi Zhang, Guilei Sun. Synthesis of polymorphic titanium oxide nanoparticles by a rapid gas-phase chemical reaction. Mendeleev Communications. 2016; 26 (2):157-159.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ning Luo; Hong Wen Jing; Zhan Guo Ma; Weidong Liu; Liangchi Zhang; Guilei Sun. 2016. "Synthesis of polymorphic titanium oxide nanoparticles by a rapid gas-phase chemical reaction." Mendeleev Communications 26, no. 2: 157-159.

Journal article
Published: 29 July 2015 in Applied Optics
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Precision glass moulding (PGM) enables the production of an aspherical lens and irregular optical products in a single step, but its product quality depends highly on the control of both material properties and process parameters. This paper investigates the thermoforming mechanism of a glass lens in PGM. To precisely describe the material behavior in PGM, a modulus-based constitutive model was framed and integrated with the finite element analysis. This model can be parameterized conveniently by an impulse excitation technique. Key processing parameters that influence the final profile and residual stresses of a lens were identified with the aid of dimensional analysis. The study found that the cooling stage above the glass transition temperature can bring about large geometry deviations of a lens. The residual stresses in a lens depend mainly on the temperature history in the supercooled liquid region caused by the variability and heterogeneity of thermal expansion. However, the stresses can be reduced effectively by decreasing the cooling rate from moulding temperature to glass transition temperature.

ACS Style

Weidong Liu; Liangchi Zhang. Thermoforming mechanism of precision glass moulding. Applied Optics 2015, 54, 6841 -6849.

AMA Style

Weidong Liu, Liangchi Zhang. Thermoforming mechanism of precision glass moulding. Applied Optics. 2015; 54 (22):6841-6849.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Weidong Liu; Liangchi Zhang. 2015. "Thermoforming mechanism of precision glass moulding." Applied Optics 54, no. 22: 6841-6849.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2015 in Wear
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ACS Style

Yong Zhang; Liangchi Zhang; Mei Liu; Feihu Zhang; Kausala Mylvaganam; Weidong Liu. Understanding the friction and wear of KDP crystals by nanoscratching. Wear 2015, 332-333, 900 -906.

AMA Style

Yong Zhang, Liangchi Zhang, Mei Liu, Feihu Zhang, Kausala Mylvaganam, Weidong Liu. Understanding the friction and wear of KDP crystals by nanoscratching. Wear. 2015; 332-333 ():900-906.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yong Zhang; Liangchi Zhang; Mei Liu; Feihu Zhang; Kausala Mylvaganam; Weidong Liu. 2015. "Understanding the friction and wear of KDP crystals by nanoscratching." Wear 332-333, no. : 900-906.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2015 in Wear
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ACS Style

Wenfeng Ding; Yejun Zhu; Liangchi Zhang; Jiuhua Xu; Yucan Fu; Weidong Liu; Changyong Yang. Stress characteristics and fracture wear of brazed CBN grains in monolayer grinding wheels. Wear 2015, 332-333, 800 -809.

AMA Style

Wenfeng Ding, Yejun Zhu, Liangchi Zhang, Jiuhua Xu, Yucan Fu, Weidong Liu, Changyong Yang. Stress characteristics and fracture wear of brazed CBN grains in monolayer grinding wheels. Wear. 2015; 332-333 ():800-809.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wenfeng Ding; Yejun Zhu; Liangchi Zhang; Jiuhua Xu; Yucan Fu; Weidong Liu; Changyong Yang. 2015. "Stress characteristics and fracture wear of brazed CBN grains in monolayer grinding wheels." Wear 332-333, no. : 800-809.