The current research proposes a system of possible indicators for evaluating progress towards circular economy (CE) at the regional level in European Union countries. This was accomplished through desktop research examining potential CE indicators and approaches to monitoring, worldwide or at the country level, and possibilities for adapting such approaches to European regions. The study has shown that existing tools for monitoring are inadequate for tracking the progress of CE transition at the regional level. Based on those findings, it is possible to propose principles for designing CE indicators, types of indicators, their main characteristics and sources for data collection. The study also presents a case study for tracking CE progress, applying the proposed CE indicators to the Malopolska region in southern Poland. However, comparing CE progress between different European regions may not be feasible because of the limits of data availability. Additional indicators should be identified at the regional level to increase the quality of proposed areas of CE monitoring. Nevertheless, analysing CE indexes for various regions could offer a valuable method for distinguishing regional leaders in CE development to serve as useful examples, while determining which regions need to intensify their efforts toward such a transition.

This study's purpose is to identify the factors influencing turnover intention in software developers. Its relevance is related to the shortage of software developers in the labor market both within and outside the EU, and their relatively short employment periods in individual companies, which causes high costs and knowledge outflow. This study therefore aims to analyse the links between different combinations of causal conditions: human resource management climate, affective and calculative commitment, work engagement - dedication, horizontal trust, gender and tenure of software developers. In addition, the study analyses the outcome [the presence or absence of turnover intention] among software developers tested, using a qualitative comparative analysis and fuzzy-sets method. Thus far, scholars have assumed that affective commitment is a fundamental factor in discouraging turnover intention. However, this study shows that calculative commitment, rather than affective commitment, plays such a role in case of software developers. Still, it is worth noting that HRM process, affective commitment, and work engagement are noticeably lower among individuals planning to change their job. The study shows that the relationship between factors is nonlinear, highlighting the need for a nuanced understanding of the interplay among various conditions. The findings offer valuable insights for organizations seeking to tailor strategies to retain software development professionals.

Green human resources management (GHRM) helps organisations create a workforce that understands and promotes employee green behaviour (EGB) to improve green organisational performance and sustainable development. This chapter is aimed at examining the status of the implementation of GHRM practices in three Polish companies. Specifically, the level of implementation of seven GHRM practices, namely green recruitment and selection, green training and development, green performance management, green employee involvement, green compensation and rewards, green job description, and green empowerment, was assessed. Furthermore, an attempt was made to understand how various GHRM practices influence employee green behaviour. The results of the study add to the limited knowledge on the contribution of GHRM to green behaviour. Empirical evidence from the study has important implications for managers in providing incentives for the assimilation of GHRM practices into corporate environmental management processes.

The article is devoted to developing methodological approaches to multi-criteria resource optimization of technological solutions in Nature Use Projects, considering the growing shortage of water and energy resources, climate change, and post-war transformation of Ukraine’s agricultural sector. The need to transition from traditional technical and economic optimization models to integrated assessment approaches, which consider ecological, resource, and economic aspects of the project implementation effectiveness, is substantiated. The methodological basis of the study is a combination of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making and the Water-Energy-Food Nexus concept, enabling the necessary adaptive management and formalizing the process of project decision-making under multifactor uncertainty. A set of indicators of resource-ecological and economic efficiency is proposed, including indicators of productivity, weather and climate risk, resource use, environmental reliability, investment attractiveness, etc. A key feature of this approach is the transformation of resource-ecological indicators into a value form, ensuring their integration with economic indicators within a single optimization model. Based on a machine experiment for the conditions of the Kherson region, an assessment of the effectiveness of various irrigation regimes, which differ from the project irrigation regime in terms of watering and irrigation norms, in terms of their level of provision with water and energy resources, was carried out. It was determined that, under the studied conditions, in dry years (p = 70%), the permissible deficit threshold is approximately 30%, achieving a compromise between economic efficiency and environmental acceptability. Adaptive management of irrigation regimes has been shown to reduce the resource intensity of production without a significant loss of productivity. This creates a basis for revising outdated design standards, which focused on 100% satisfaction of water needs, in favor of adaptive models that account for the real resource potential of the territory. This approach transforms irrigation from a resource-intensive industry into a tool for sustainable territorial development, where the priority is the efficiency of each cubic meter of water and kilowatt-hour of energy used, rather than gross collection. It has been proven that the implementation of resource optimization as a basic principle of natural resource project management contributes to increasing the efficiency of natural capital use, minimizing ecological risks, and ensuring the sustainable development of the agricultural sector. The obtained results can be used to substantiate engineering solutions in projects for the restoration and modernization of water management and land reclamation systems in Ukraine.