Background and Objectives: Complete dentures remain a primary solution for oral rehabilitation in aging and medically compromised populations. The integration of digital workflows, regenerative materials, and smart technologies is propelling prosthodontics towards a new era, transcending the limitations of traditional static prostheses. Materials and Methods: This narrative review synthesizes historical developments, current practices, and future innovations in complete denture therapy. A comprehensive review of literature from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (2000–2025) was conducted, with a focus on materials science, digital design, patient-centered care, artificial intelligence (AI), and sustainable fabrication. Results: Innovations in the field include high-performance polymers, CAD–CAM systems, digital impressions, smart sensors, and bioactive liners. Recent trends in the field include the development of self-monitoring prostheses, artificial intelligence (AI)-driven design platforms, and bioprinted regenerative bases. These advances have been shown to enhance customization, durability, hygiene, and patient satisfaction. However, challenges persist in terms of accessibility, clinician training, regulatory validation, and ethical integration of digital data. Conclusions: The field of complete denture therapy is undergoing a transition toward a new paradigm of prosthetics that are personalized, intelligent, and sustainable. To ensure the integration of these technologies into standard care, ongoing interdisciplinary research, clinical validation, and equitable implementation are imperative.

Edentulism, or complete tooth loss, is a significant public health problem with consequences that extend far beyond the oral cavity. Functionally, edentulism impairs chewing, speech, and oral proprioception, leading to progressive alveolar bone resorption and altered temporomandibular joint function. Nutritionally, edentulous individuals often adopt a softer, carbohydrate-rich diet, resulting in deficiencies of essential nutrients and contributing to systemic health deterioration. Poor mastication also stresses the gastrointestinal system, potentially leading to digestive disorders. Psychologically, toothlessness is associated with decreased self-esteem, depression, social withdrawal, and reduced quality of life. Changes in facial esthetics further exacerbate emotional distress. Systemically, edentulism is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cognitive impairment, and mortality, likely through pathways involving chronic inflammation, malnutrition, and reduced cerebral stimulation. Effective management of edentulism requires more than prosthetic rehabilitation. While full dentures and implant-supported overdentures restore oral function, comprehensive care must also address nutrition, psychological support, and monitoring for systemic disease. With a rapidly aging global population, recognizing edentulism as a condition with broad systemic implications is critical to improving overall patient outcomes and public health strategies.

Background: Periodontitis is characterized by loss of the periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. Scaffold-based biomaterials are intended to provide a three-dimensional framework for periodontal wound stabilization and tissue regeneration, but their incremental clinical benefit over conventional regenerative therapy remains uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated scaffold-based periodontal regenerative procedures for probing depth (PD) reduction, clinical attachment level (CAL) gain, and radiographic defect fill compared with conventional treatment. Methods: Original randomized controlled trials published from January 2020 to 1 March 2026 were searched in MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, CENTRAL, and Web of Science, screened in Rayyan, and meta-analyzed in RevMan v5.4. Certainty was evaluated using GRADE. Results: Thirty-one studies were included. Scaffold-based interventions produced statistically significant but clinically modest PD reductions at 6 months (MD = −0.27 mm; 95% CI: −0.43 to −0.10; p = 0.001; I² = 34%) and 12 months (MD = −0.21 mm; 95% CI: −0.41 to −0.01; p = 0.04; I² = 22%), but not at 24 months. The overall PD effect was small (MD = −0.26 mm; p < 0.0001). CAL gain was not significant at 6 or 12 months but was significant at 24 months (MD = 1.00 mm; p < 0.0001; I² = 0%). Defect fill improved at 12 months (MD = 0.51 mm; p = 0.02) but not at 6 months. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses did not identify significant effects of scaffold type or PRF/PRP enrichment (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Scaffold-based biomaterials may provide limited, time-dependent clinical and radiographic benefits as adjuncts to conventional periodontal regenerative therapy. The evidence remains constrained by heterogeneous interventions, modest effect sizes, low-to-very-low certainty for several outcomes, and a paucity of histologic confirmation of true periodontal regeneration.