As urban–rural integration deepens, the growth of suburban integrated villages, as the key link between urban–rural factor flow and coordinated development, is affected by the asymmetric reciprocal symbiosis between urban and rural areas. Utilizing urban–rural integration and sustainable development theories, this study selected twenty-four suburban integrated villages in the Daoli District of Harbin as its research object. It concentrates on the township–village micro-symbiotic unit, formulates a two-dimensional evaluation framework of “village endogenous + township linkage,” and utilizes quantitative methodologies, including the coupling coordination degree model, the obstacle degree model, and sensitivity analysis, to identify the factors hindering the expansion of these villages and propose targeted strategies according to villages’ coordination levels. The results show that 79% of samples exhibit imbalanced coordination; although spatial constraints are the primary hindrances to village systemic coordination, balanced development of spatial, economic, social and ecological subsystems remains essential; the developmental constraints of the samples stem from weak village developmental foundations and insufficient township–village radiation linkages. This study enhances the township–village symbiosis micro-research framework and functions as a reference for the classification planning of suburban integrated villages and the sustainable amalgamation of urban and rural development.